rat,human

Endothelin-3 (human, mouse, rabbit, rat) is a cyclic 21-amino acid peptide, acting as an endogenous neuropeptide and potent vasoconstrictor.

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) acetate 是外源性血管活性肠肽 (VIP) 受体对颈上神经节 (SCG) 中 cAMP 作用的拮抗剂。

Enterostatin, human, mouse, rat acetate 是一种五肽，主要由分泌的胰腺前脂肪酶在肠道中形成。

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) (3-36) is a C-terminal fragment of NPY, a neuropeptide involved in controlling appetite, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion. NPY (3-36) is an endogenous peptide produced by cleavage of NPY by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). It binds selectively to the NPY receptor Y2 (Ki = 0.41 nM in CHP 234 cells) over the Y1 receptor, where it does not bind at concentrations up to 1 μM. NPY (3-36) (0.1 nM) increases migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by 80% after 12 hours in an in vitro wound closure assay. NPY (3-36) corresponds to residues 3-36 of the human and rat protein sequence.

GLP-1 amide is a peptide hormone cleaved from proglucagon in the pancreas.1,2 Mice lacking the glucagon receptor (Gcgr-/-) have approximately nine-fold higher levels of total GLP-1 amide, including GLP-1 (1-36) amide and truncated GLP-1 (7-36) amide , in pancreatic tissue compared to wild-type mice.2References1. Schjoldager, B.T., Mortensen, P.E., Christiansen, J., et al. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and truncated GLP-1, fragments of human proglucagon, inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans. Dig. Dis. Sci. 34(5), 703-708 (1989).2. Gelling, R.W., Du, X.Q., Dichmann, D.S., et al. Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(3), 1438-1443 (2003). GLP-1 amide is a peptide hormone cleaved from proglucagon in the pancreas.1,2 Mice lacking the glucagon receptor (Gcgr-/-) have approximately nine-fold higher levels of total GLP-1 amide, including GLP-1 (1-36) amide and truncated GLP-1 (7-36) amide , in pancreatic tissue compared to wild-type mice.2 References1. Schjoldager, B.T., Mortensen, P.E., Christiansen, J., et al. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and truncated GLP-1, fragments of human proglucagon, inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans. Dig. Dis. Sci. 34(5), 703-708 (1989).2. Gelling, R.W., Du, X.Q., Dichmann, D.S., et al. Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(3), 1438-1443 (2003).

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) (6-27) is a PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 1,500, 600, and 300 nM, respectively, for rat PAC1, rat VPAC1, and human VPAC2 recombinant receptors expressed in CHO cells. It binds to PACAP receptors on SH-SY5Y and SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma and T47D human breast cancer cells (IC50s = 24.5, 106, and 105 nM, respectively) and inhibits cAMP accumulation induced by PACAP (1-38) (Kis = 457, 102, and 283 nM, respectively, in SH-SY5Y, SK-N-MC, and T47D cells). In vivo, in newborn pigs, PACAP (6-27) (10 μM) inhibits vasodilation of pial arterioles induced by PACAP (1-27) and PACAP (1-38) . It also inhibits PACAP (1-27)-stimulated increases in plasma insulin and glucagon levels and pancreatic venous blood flow in dogs when administered locally to the pancreas at a dose of 500 μg.

Neuropeptide Y (3-36) (human, rat) is a metabolite of neuropeptide Y (NPY) generated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4). Known as a selective Y2 receptor agonist, Neuropeptide Y (3-36) (human, rat) effectively reduces the release of norepinephrine via the Y2 receptor[1][2].

Galanin (2-11) amide is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50= 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay).1It selectively binds to the GAL2receptor (IC50= 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1receptor (IC50= 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3receptor (Ki= 271 nM for the rat receptor).1,2Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin (2-11) amide (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats.3It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.1

Enterostatin (human,mouse,rat) TFA, 作为一种五肽，主由胰前脂酶在肠道中裂解生成。它能选择性降低脂肪摄取、体重及体脂。

MCH (human, mouse, rat) TFA 是一种有效的 MCH-R 的肽激动剂，与 MCH1R 和 MCH2R 结合的 IC50值分别为 0.3 nM 和 1.5 nM。MCH (human, mouse, rat) 对 CHO 细胞系中 MCH-2R 高度敏感，通过 FLIPR 监测细胞内钙动员，显示出功能性激活 MCH-1R 和 MCH-2R 的EC50值对分别为 3.9 nM 和 0.1 nM。

CART(62-76)(human,rat) TFA 是一种类似神经递质的神经肽，由CART肽的62至76残基组成。该化合物能够调控纹状体去甲肾上腺素能、皮质纹状体及下丘脑在5-羟色胺能(5-HT)系统中的活性。

[Leu31,Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y(human,rat) TFA 是一种针对神经肽 YY1受体的特定激动剂，并亦能够激活Y4和Y5受体。该化合物能提高麻醉大鼠的血压并增加食物摄入。

[DPro5] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, human, rat 是人类和大鼠促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子/激素 R2 的选择性激动剂。作为一种下丘脑激素，促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子 (CRF) 能够促进肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 和 β-内啡肽的分泌。值得注意的是，[DPro5] Corticotropin Releasing Factor, human, rat 并不触发典型的焦虑反应，而是能调控大鼠的学习与记忆过程。

CART (1-39), Human, Rat, 是一种由其1至39个残基构成的神经肽, 具有明显的减少食欲作用, 被认为是鼠类的饱腹因子, 并与瘦素及神经肽Y有着紧密的联系。它能有效抑制正常及饥饿状态下的摄食行为, 同时也能引发焦虑与压力相关的反应。

ACTH (3-24) (human, bovine, mouse, ovine, porcine, rabbit, rat) 是ACTH的3-24片段，适用于癌症、免疫疾病、心血管疾病等多种疾病的研究。

(Asn10,Leu11,D-Trp12)-pTH-Related Protein (7-34) amide (human, mouse, rat) 是一种有效的 PTH-1R 拮抗剂。

(Des-Glu5)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) 是促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 的类似物。ACTH 是一种由垂体前叶腺产生的多肽激素，调节皮质醇和雄激素的产生。

(Des-His6)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) 是促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 的类似物。ACTH 是一种由垂体前叶腺产生的多肽激素，调节皮质醇和雄激素的产生。

(D-Phe12,Nle21,38,α-Me-Leu37)-CRF (12-41) (human, rat) 作为一种CRF拮抗剂，能有效阻断IL-1a诱发的黄体生成素 (LH) 抑制作用。

'(Met(O)27)-Glucagon (1-29) (human, rat, porcine) 为修饰版胰高血糖素。在大鼠肝细胞内，其促进葡萄糖合成的活性虽与天然胰高血糖素相似，但呈现出较低效率，暗示蛋氨酸对于胰高血糖素与其肝脏受体绑定具有关键性作用。'

(Phe13,Tyr19)-MCH (human, mouse, rat) 作为一种高效的 SLC-1 与 S643b 受体配体，可充当这两种受体的激动剂。

'(Tyr36)-pTH-Related Protein (1-36) (human, mouse, rat)'是用于甲状旁腺激素(PTH)受体的肽类配体。

Acetyl-ACTH (2-24) (human, bovine, rat) 是原黑色素皮质素 (POMC) 肽的片段。POMC 肽，如促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)，是α-MSH 的前体，也是MC-1受体的激动剂。

Acetyl-ACTH (3-24) (human, bovine, rat) 是原黑色素皮质素 (POMC) 肽的片段。POMC 肽，如促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)，是α-MSH 的前体，也是 MC-1 受体的激动剂。