Flavokawain C is a melanogenesis inhibitor, it inhibited melanogenesis with IC50 values of 6.9 μM. Flavokawain C has anti-tumor activity, it inhibited cell cycle and promoted apoptosis, associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulation of MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways in HCT 116 human colon carcinoma cells.
Cistanoside F shows vasorelaxant, and antioxidative effects, it shows a strong free radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and xanthine xanthine oxidase (XOD) generated superoxide anion radical (O2-.).
Horminone has antimicrobial activity, it can inhibit the protein synthesis in several types of bacteria; it can inhibit the in vitro growth of Trypanosoma cruzi, 30 microM drug concentration producing total inhibition of growth. After administration of plant extracts containing Horminone has possibility of toxic effect.
Neoechinulin A has anti-inflammatory effect against LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages through inhibition of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways, it may block the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) molecule p38, apoptosis signal-regu
4 beta-Carboxy-19-nortotarol can inhibit microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-ADP NADPH and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-ADP NADH, it inhibits linoleic acid autoxidation but not generation of superoxide anion.