PACAP

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat acetate 是一种有效的 PACAP 受体拮抗剂。PACAP (6-38) 作用于 PACAP I 型受体，PACAP II 型受体 VIP1 和 PACAP II 型受体 VIP2，IC50 分别为 30 nM，600 nM 和 40 nM。

PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat acetate (PACAP 1-27 acetate)(127317-03-7 free base) 是一种新的神经肽，最初从牛下丘脑中分离出来，也存在于人和大鼠中。

PA-8是一种小分子的的 PACAP I 型(PAC1)受体拮抗剂，有 选择性、有效性和口服活性。PA-8抑制PACAP 诱导的CREB 在PAC1-受体上的磷酸化，但对VPAC11或VPAC2受体无抑制作用。PA-8也抑制pacap 诱导的体外cAMP 水平升高(IC50 = 2 nM)和体内鞘内注射后pacap 诱导的厌恶反应和机械异位性痛。

PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide 38) 是含有 38 个氨基酸残基的神经肽。它能够结合 PACAP I 型受体(IC50:4 nM)、PACAP II 型受体 VIP1(IC50:2 nM)、PACAP II 型受体 VIP2(IC50:1 nM)。

PACAP 1-38 acetate 是一种垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽 (PACAP) 类似物。它与 PACAP I 型受体 (IC50 = 4 nM) 和 PACAP II 型 VIP2 受体 (IC50 = 1 nM) 结合，但不与 PACAP II 型 VIP1 受体结合。

PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate 是 PAC1 受体的激活剂。PACAP-38 (31-38), human, mouse, rat acetate 对交感神经元 NPY 和儿茶酚胺的产生具有强效、有效和持续的刺激作用，可用于神经营养和神经保护研究。

PAC1R antagonist 1为一种具有口服活性的 PAC1 受体拮抗剂，可抑制由垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽（PACAP）及神经损伤所诱导的异常性疼痛，可用于研究肿瘤和与免疫相关的疾病。

Ro 25-1553 是由 31 个氨基酸组成的血管活性肠肽 (VIP) 类似物，作为 VIP2 受体 (VPAC2 receptor) 的激动剂。在豚鼠模型中，Ro 25-1553 显示出对神经诱发或 Carbachol 诱发的气管平滑肌收缩的支气管扩张作用。

ALD1910 是一种人源化单克隆抗体，专门针对PACAP38和PACAP27。它能够阻断通过垂体腺苷酸环化酶活化肽 I 型受体 (PAC1-R)、血管活性肠肽受体 1 (VPAC1-R) 和 VPAC2-R 的 PACAP 信号传导。此外，ALD1910 可以识别 PACAP 内的非线性表位并防止其与细胞表面的结合。这种抗体可用于研究由 PACAP 介导的偏头痛。

Acetyl-(D-Phe2,Lys15,Arg16,Leu27)-VIP (1-7)-GRF (8-27)，是一种血管活性肠肽，起到VIP1受体拮抗剂的作用。

PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat TFA (PACAP 1-27 TFA), an N-terminal fragment of PACAP-38, is an effective PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 3 nM for rat PAC1, 2 nM for rat VPAC1, and 5 nM for human VPAC2.

[D-p-Cl-Phe6,Leu17]-VIP TFA，为竞争性及选择性血管活性肠肽(VIP)受体拮抗剂，其IC50为125.8 nM。该化合物针对胰高血糖素、促胰液素和GRF受体均不表现活性。

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) (6-27) is a PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 1,500, 600, and 300 nM, respectively, for rat PAC1, rat VPAC1, and human VPAC2 recombinant receptors expressed in CHO cells. It binds to PACAP receptors on SH-SY5Y and SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma and T47D human breast cancer cells (IC50s = 24.5, 106, and 105 nM, respectively) and inhibits cAMP accumulation induced by PACAP (1-38) (Kis = 457, 102, and 283 nM, respectively, in SH-SY5Y, SK-N-MC, and T47D cells). In vivo, in newborn pigs, PACAP (6-27) (10 μM) inhibits vasodilation of pial arterioles induced by PACAP (1-27) and PACAP (1-38) . It also inhibits PACAP (1-27)-stimulated increases in plasma insulin and glucagon levels and pancreatic venous blood flow in dogs when administered locally to the pancreas at a dose of 500 μg.

VIP Guinea pig TFA，作为一种胃肠激素，兼具神经递质功能，能够刺激胚胎生长，起到营养和有丝分裂因子的作用。

Anti-PACAP38 Antibody 是一种针对 38 氨基酸形式垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽 (PACAP38) 的特异性中和抗体，通过精准识别并清除循环系统中的 PACAP38 配体来阻断 GPCR 信号通路的激活，从而在实验研究中作为抑制神经源性血管舒张、减少 cAMP 蓄积及研究原发性头痛发病机制的药理学工具。

PACAP-related peptide (PRP) is an endogenous 29-amino acid peptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, which includes secretin , glucagon , glucagon-like peptide-1 , GLP-2 , and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide . It is expressed in normal human pancreas and adrenal gland tissue and in some tumors that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). PRP (1-29) is secreted by CHO-K1 cells that express human recombinant preproPACAP.

Neuropeptide with many biological actions

PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat TFA 是一种内源性神经肽，是 PAC1 受体的高亲和力激动剂。该多肽由 38 个氨基酸组成，通过与 PAC1 受体结合激活腺苷酸环化酶，诱导细胞内 cAMP 水平升高并触发下游信号传导。研究表明，PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat TFA 的 C 端酰胺化对其在 PAC1 受体上的生物活性并非必需，非酰胺化形式仍能表现出完整的激动效力。它在神经保护、调节胰岛素分泌以及血管舒张中发挥重要作用。

PACAP-38 (16-38), human, mouse, rat, exhibits potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine production.

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat, is a potent and selective antagonist of PACAP 38, outperforming PACAP (6-27) in inhibiting PACAP-27-stimulated pituitary adenylate cyclase.

PACAP (1-27) (the N-terminal fragment of PACAP-38) is a novel neuropeptides originally isolated from bovine hypothalamus, also found in humans and rats.

Selective vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist (IC50 = 125.8 nM). Displays no activity on glucagon, secretin or GRF receptors.

PACAP-related peptide (PRP) is an endogenous 29-amino acid peptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, which includes secretin , glucagon , glucagon-like peptide-1 , GLP-2 , and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide . It is expressed in rat hypothalamus as well as within the nerves of the median eminence, the anterior pituitary, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and amygdala. PRP is also expressed in vaginal, uterine cervical, uterine horn, fallopian tube, and ovarian tissues from the rat female genital tract and is present in extracts of male testis tissue.

KS-133 TFA,作为一种针对血管活性肠肽受体2(VIPR2)的选择性强效拮抗剂,在Ca内流测定和cAMP测定中展示出的IC50值分别是24.8 nM与500 nM.该化合物在精神分裂症的研究工作中具有重要意义.