(S)-p38 MAPK inhibitor III is a methylsulfanylimidazole that inhibits p38 MAP kinase (IC50 = 0.90 μM in vitro). It is cell-permeable, potently blocking the release of TNF-α and IL-1β from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (IC50s = 0.37 and 0.044 μM, respectively).
p38 MAPK inhibitor IV is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of p38 MAP kinases with IC50 values of 0.13, 0.55, 5.47, and 8.63 μM for p38α, p38β, p38x, and p38δ, respectively, in vitro.[1] It also inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β cytokine production (IC50s = 22 and 44 nM, respectively) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
p38 MAPK-IN-3 (Compound 2c) is a potent inhibitor of p38α MAPK, displaying antitumor properties by promoting apoptosis and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [1].
Cytochalasin D is an actin inhibitor, the removal of actin stress fibers is crucial for the chondrogenic differentiation. It may be an inhibitor of some fertilization processes such as sperm penetration or sperm head decondensation. Cytochalasin D inhibit