All-trans-13,14-Dihydroretinol, a metabolite of all-trans-retinoic acid, is synthesized through the enzymatic action of retinol saturase on all-trans-retinoic acid.
All-cis-4,7,10,13,16-Docosapentaenoic acid (all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA) methyl ester, also known as Osbond acid, is an isomer of DPA and a more lipid-soluble variant of the free acid, primarily found in fish oils as an ω-3, 22-carbon fatty acid. Despite being an ω-6 fatty acid synthesized through the elongation and desaturation of arachidonic acid, its levels can decrease due to fatty acid desaturase syndrome, potentially impacting development. Additionally, increased expression of hepatic elongation of very long fatty acids protein 6 and elevated levels of very long-chain fatty acids, including all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA, are indicative of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a condition that precedes hepatocellular carcinoma.
All-cis-4,7,10,13,16-Docosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA ethyl ester) is a derivative of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), an omega-3 fatty acid prevalent in fish oils. This ethyl ester form is commonly included in dietary supplements formulations to enhance omega-3 fatty acid intake.
all-trans Retinoyl β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of all-trans retinoic acid formed by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) system. It is rapidly converted to all-trans retinoic acid following in vitro or in vivo administration.
Cefcanel is a semisynthetic third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefcanel is active against the species E. coli, K. aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis; H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis has reasonable susceptibility. Cefcanel inhibits 90% of S. aureus strains at 2 µg ml, irrespective of the presence of a β-lactamase. Cefcanel binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.