Endogenous melanocortin MC3 receptor agonist (pKi = 7.46) that displays ~ 40-fold selectivity over MC4. Increases the release of extracellular dopamine, which induces grooming and vertical activity (rearing) in rats. Exhibits hypertensive, tachycardic and
Helianorphin-19 is a high affinity, potent and selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist (Ki = 25 nM; EC50= 45 nM). Helianorphin-19 exhibits approximately 200-fold selectivity for KOR over μ and δ-opioid receptors.In vivoHelianorphin-19 shows potent peripheral analgesic efficacy in a mouse model of visceral pain without affecting motor coordination sedation.
[Lys8, Lys9]-Neurotensin (8-13) (JMV438) is a Neurotensin analog that elicits analgesic effects by activating the G protein-coupled receptors NTS1 and NTS2. The compound has K i values of 0.33 nM and 0.95 nM for hNTS1 and hNTS2 receptors, respectively.
Potent Nav1.7 blocker (IC50 = 2.5 nM). Also inhibits Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.6 in the nanomolar range. Exhibits no effects on Cav channels or nAChR at 5 μM. Demonstrates analgesic activity in vivo; antagonizes effects of scorpion-venom toxin OD1 a
Huwentoxin XVI TFA,一种来自鸟蛛 Ornithoctonus huwena 的止痛剂,一种高度可逆和选择性的哺乳动物 N 型钙通道 (N-type calcium channel) (IC50约为 60 nM) 拮抗剂。Huwentoxin XVI TFA 对电压门控的 T 型钙通道,钾通道或钠通道没有影响。
Connexin43 mimetic peptide. Reduces swelling, astrogliosis, neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death following spinal cord injury ex vivo and in vivo. Exhibits analgesic effects in models of neuropathic pain. O'Carroll et al (2008) Connexin 43 mimetic peptides reduce swelling, astrogliosis and neuronal cell death after spinal cord injury. Cell.Commun.Adhes. 15 27 PMID:18649176 |Mao et al (2017) Characterisation of Peptide5 systemic administration for treating traumatic spinal cord injured rats. Exp.Brain.Res. 235 3033 PMID:28725925 |Kim et al (2017) Characterising the mode of action of extracellular Connexin43 channel mimetic peptides in an in vitro ischemia injury model. Biochem.Biophys.Acta. 1861 68 PMID:27816754 |Tonkin et al (2017) Attenuation of mechanical pain hypersensitivity by treatment with Peptide5, a connexin-43 mimetic peptide, involves inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in nerve-injured mice. Exp.Neurol. 300 1 PMID:29055716
Selective ASIC1a inhibitor (IC50 values are 192 and 72 nM for human ASIC1a and ASIC1a/1b dimer, respectively). Binds to closed/inactive channel. Selective for ASIC1a over ASIC2a, ASIC3, TRPV1, P2X2, 5-HT3, Nav1.8, Cav3.2 and Kv1.2 channels. Increases late
Ziconotide is an atypical analgesic agent for the amelioration of severe and chronic pain. Derived from Conus magus, a cone snail, it is the synthetic form of an ω-conotoxin peptide.
Orphanin FQ(1-11) is a peptide fragment containing amino acids 1-11 of Nociceptin. Orphanin FQ(1-11) is a potent agonist of the ORL1 KOR-3 receptor (Ki = 55 nM) and displays no affinity for opioid receptors, including μ, δ, κ1 and κ3 receptors (Ki >1000 nM). Orphanin FQ(1-11) displays analgesic properties in CD-1 mice.
Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) channel blocker (IC50 values are 63 and 175 nM for homomeric rat and human ASIC3 channels). Also inhibits NaV1.8 and NaV1.2 channels (IC50 values are 55 and 114 nM respectively). Demonstrates analgesic properties against