b-nm

β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) 属于天然核苷酸，是辅酶 I (NAD+) 合成的关键中间体。β-nicotinamide mononucleotide 参与人体多项生化反应，与免疫、代谢相关。

Quininic acid 是从蓝桉、金鸡纳树皮和其他紫菀科植物中提取出来的有机酸，可被当作一种 NMDA 受体激动剂.。

β-N-methylamino-L-alanine hydrochloride (L-BMAA hydrochloride) 是由蓝细菌产生的一种神经毒素，既有导致肌萎缩性侧索硬化症 (ALS) 以及其他可能的神经退行性疾病可能性。

Tetrahydroharmine (Leptaflorine) 是一种天然产物，存在于植物Banisteriopsis caapi cultivar Da Vine 的茎和枝中。四氢骆驼蓬碱是一种Monoamine oxidase A 抑制剂。

5Z-7-Oxozeaenol (FR148083) 是一种天然抗原生动物抑制剂，不可逆的选择性抑制 TAK1和 VEGF-R2，IC50值分别为 8 nM 和 52 nM。

Harmane (Loturine) 是一种在咖啡和烟草烟雾中发现的 β-咔啉生物碱，是有效的神经毒素，可引起严重的动作震颤和精神病学表现。它还是选择性的单胺氧化酶抑制剂，具有致突变作用，对 MAO A/B 的 IC50值分别为 0.5 和 5 μM。

Brevetoxin B is a polyketide neurotoxin produced by Karenia species and other dinoflagellates. It binds to site 5 on the alpha subunit of voltage-gated sodium channels (IC50 = 15 nM) on neurons at the neuromuscular junction, causing the channel to open irreversibly at potentials more negative than normal, discharging action potentials repetitively. Brevetoxin B is ichthyotoxic at nanomolar concentrations and is responsible for an illness described as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning.

Aspergillin PZ is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. awamori. It induces morphological deformation of P. oryzae conidia when used at a concentration of 89 nM. Aspergillin PZ is active against S. epidermidis (MIC = 20 μM) but not S. aureus, E. coli, or B. cereus (MICs = >20 μM). It is cytotoxic to HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells (IC50 = 56.61 μM) but not THP-1 acute monocytic leukemia or PC3 prostate cancer cells (IC50s = >80 μM).

Aspergillimide is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. japonicus.1 It reduces nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) peak and slowly-desensitizing amplitudes induced by acetylcholine in silkworm (B. mori) larval neurons (IC50s = 20.2 and 39.6 nM, respectively) but has no effect on chicken α3β4-, α4β2-, and α7-containing nAChRs.2 Dietary administration of aspergillimide A (10 μg/g of diet) induces paralysis in silkworm fourth instar larvae.1 Aspergillimide A (10 and 20 mg/kg) reduces T. colubriformis fecal egg count in gerbils.3References1. Hayashi, H., Nishimoto, Y., Akiyama, K., et al. New paralytic alkaloids, asperparalines A, B and C, from Aspergillus japonicus JV-23. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64(1), 111-115 (2000).2. Hirata, K., Kataoka, S., Furutani, S., et al. A fungal metabolite asperparaline a strongly and selectively blocks insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: The first report on the mode of action. PLoS One 6(4), e18354 (2011).3. Banks, R.M., Blanchflower, S.E., Everett, J.R., et al. Novel anthelmintic metabolites from an Aspergillus species; the aspergillimides. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 50(10), 840-846 (1997). Aspergillimide is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. japonicus.1 It reduces nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) peak and slowly-desensitizing amplitudes induced by acetylcholine in silkworm (B. mori) larval neurons (IC50s = 20.2 and 39.6 nM, respectively) but has no effect on chicken α3β4-, α4β2-, and α7-containing nAChRs.2 Dietary administration of aspergillimide A (10 μg/g of diet) induces paralysis in silkworm fourth instar larvae.1 Aspergillimide A (10 and 20 mg/kg) reduces T. colubriformis fecal egg count in gerbils.3 References1. Hayashi, H., Nishimoto, Y., Akiyama, K., et al. New paralytic alkaloids, asperparalines A, B and C, from Aspergillus japonicus JV-23. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64(1), 111-115 (2000).2. Hirata, K., Kataoka, S., Furutani, S., et al. A fungal metabolite asperparaline a strongly and selectively blocks insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: The first report on the mode of action. PLoS One 6(4), e18354 (2011).3. Banks, R.M., Blanchflower, S.E., Everett, J.R., et al. Novel anthelmintic metabolites from an Aspergillus species; the aspergillimides. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 50(10), 840-846 (1997).

Hygrolidin is a macrocyclic lactone originally isolated from S. hygroscopicus. It inhibits proliferation of a variety of cancer cell lines, including DLD-1 colon cancer, LNCaP prostate cancer, and K562 leukemia cells (IC50s = 2.9, 5.2, and 33 ng/ml, respectively). Hygrolidin induces the expression and levels of p21 in DLD-1 cells, but not WI-38 fibroblasts, and leads to cell accumulation in the G1 and S phases without inducing apoptosis. It has antiparasitic activity against T. cruzi, L. donovani, and T. b. brucei but also induces cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells (IC50s = 1.1, 72.5, 77, and 24.5 nM, respectively).

Sphingosine (d14:1) is a bioactive sphingolipid that has been found in B. mori (silkworm), P. clarkii (crayfish), and A. aurita (jellyfish) extracts. It increases the germination rate of N. rileyi, an entomopathogenic fungus, with an EC50 value of 10.2 nM. Sphingosine (d14:1) inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro (IC50 = 7.3 mol%) as well as superoxide generation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in neutrophils and reduces growth of CHO cells (IC50s = 19 and 8 μM, respectively).

Cytosporone B (Dothiorelone G) 是一种天然存在的核孤儿受体Nur77/NR4A1激动剂(EC50=0.278 nM)。

25-Hydroxycholesterol 是胆固醇的代谢产物，由巨噬细胞响应 Toll 样受体激活而分泌。它有效抑制 B 细胞产生 IgA，EC50约为 65 nM。

Licochalcone C (LICOCHALCONEC) 能够抑制 α-葡萄糖苷酶，其对 α-葡萄糖苷酶的 IC50 <100 nM，对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶 1B 的 IC50=92.43 μM 。

Cytochalasin B is a mycotoxin binding to the barbed end of actin filaments. It can disrupt the formation of actin polymers (Kd: 1.4-2.2 nM for F-actin).

Inophyllum B ((+)-Inophyllum B) 是一种有效的HIV 逆转录酶 (Reverse Transcriptase) 抑制剂，IC50为 38 nM。Inophyllum B 在体外细胞培养中抑制HIV-1(IC50=1.4 μM)。Inophyllum B 可从非洲大蜗牛Achatina fulica 的丙酮提取物中分离得到。

Molassamide B，丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂，对胰凝乳蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶及蛋白酶 K 具有显著抑制活性，其IC50值分别为24.65、11.69和5.42 nM。

Shishijimicin B为活性的烯二炔类化合物，具有强烈的细胞毒性，IC50值介于2.0 - 3.3 nM。此化合物表现出抗肿瘤活性，常用于癌症研究中。作为点击化学试剂，Shishijimicin B内含Alkyne基团，能通过含Azide基团的分子在铜催化下发生(CuAAc)反应。

Aplyronine B是一种具有抗肿瘤活性的活性化合物，对HeLa-S3细胞表现出细胞毒性，IC50值为2.9 nM，适用于癌症研究。

25-Hydroxycholesterol (Standard) 是一种可用于分析的标准物质，通常用作 25-Hydroxycholesterol 的研究和分析中参考的标准样品。25-Hydroxycholesterol 是胆固醇的代谢产物，由巨噬细胞响应 Toll 样受体激活而分泌。它有效抑制 B 细胞产生 IgA，EC50约为 65 nM。

Crocacin A 具有抗酵母和丝状真菌的作用，并且能够抑制小鼠成纤维细胞 L929。在小牛心脏微粒体中，Crocacin A 会阻断 bc1 段的电子传递，导致细胞色素 B 的还原光谱在 569nm 处出现红移。

Crocacin B 具备抗酵母和丝状真菌的活性，并能够抑制小鼠成纤维细胞 L929。在小牛心脏微粒体中，Crocacin B 阻断 bc1 段的电子传递，这导致细胞色素 B 的还原光谱在 569nm 处发生红移。

Kodaistatin B 具有抑制葡萄糖-6-磷酸转移酶 T1 (G-6-P-T1) 的功效，其 IC50 为 130 nM。

Indocarbazostatin B 在大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤 PC12 细胞中展示了对抗 NGF 诱导的神经突生长，最低有效浓度为 24 nM。