Cytochalasin D is an actin inhibitor, the removal of actin stress fibers is crucial for the chondrogenic differentiation. It may be an inhibitor of some fertilization processes such as sperm penetration or sperm head decondensation. Cytochalasin D inhibit
Marinobufagenin, a cardiotonic steroid, its increased concentrations are important in the cardiac disease and oxidant stress state seen with renal failure.
Isopulegol presents depressant- and anxiolytic-like effects, it also has anticonvulsant and bioprotective effects against PTZ-induced convulsions are possibly related to positive modulation of benzodiazepine-sensitive GABAA receptors and to antioxidant properties.Isopulegol presents significant gastroprotective effects in both ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulcer models, which appear to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous prostaglandins, K(ATP) channel opening, and antioxidant properties.