Cercosporin is produced by a plant pathogen, Cercosporakikuchii, and the elsinochromes. Cercosporin is a potent photosensitizer with a short activation wavelength. Cercosporin contains the perylene quinone structural features necessary for PKC activity (I
Bryostatin 1 is a natural macrolide isolated from the bryozoan Bugula neritina and is a CNS)permeable PKC modulator. Bryostatin 1 binds to the isolated C1 domain of Munc13-1 and the full-length Munc13-1 protein (Kis: 8.07 nM and 0.45 nM).
K-252b is an indolocarbazole isolated from the actinomycete Nocardiopsis and is a PKC inhibitor. K-252b can be used to inhibit extracellular kinases of cells in culture because it can’t pass through the cell membrane freely.
K-252c is a staurosporine analog isolated from Nocardiopsis sp. and is a cell-permeable PKC inhibitor (IC50: 2.45 μM). K-252c also inhibits β-lactamase, chymotrypsin, and malate dehydrogenase. K-252c causes apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cancer cells.