inositol

i-Inositol (myo-Inositol) 是一种细胞内磷酸化合物，参与细胞信号传导，可能刺激肿瘤细胞分化。

PD 198306 是一种具有抗痛觉过敏作用的 MAPK/ERK 激酶 (MEK) 选择性抑制剂。 PD 198306 可降低链脲佐菌素诱导的活性 ERK1 水平升高。

Phytic acid (Fytic Acid) 是种子和谷粒的磷储存化合物。它被称为食品抑制剂，具有很强的螯合多价金属离子的能力，特别是钙，铁，锌和蛋白质残留物。它抑制超氧化物来源黄嘌呤氧化酶并具有抗氧化，抗炎以及神经保护作用。

Ebselen (CCG-39161) 是一种谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶模拟物，是电压依赖性钙通道阻断剂。它抑制Mpro 和COVID-19病毒，是HIV-1衣壳 CTD 二聚化的抑制剂，具有抗炎、抗癌和抗氧化活性。

m-3M3FBS 是一种有效的磷脂酶C 激活剂，刺激人中性粒细胞产生超氧物，上调细胞内钙离子浓度，刺激多种细胞产生磷酸肌醇。它诱导单核细胞白血病细胞凋亡。

1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-3',4'-bisphosphate) ammonium 在可调节内吞结构相关的肌动蛋白网络活性方面具有作用。

D-myo-Inositol-1,2,4,5-tetraphosphate (DL-Ins-(1,2,4,5)P4) tetrasodium 是肌醇四磷酸酯 (IP4s) 的外消旋区域异构体。作为一种 Ins(1,4,5)P3 受体激动剂，其 Ki 值为 11 nM。D-myo-Inositol-1,2,4,5-tetraphosphate tetrasodium 能诱导 Ca2+ 动员，在 CHO 细胞中的 EC50 值为 0.22 μM。

D-myo-Inositol-2,3,5,6-tetraphosphate (2,3,5,6-IP4) tetrasodium 是用于研究钙通道的肌醇磷酸。

D-myo-Inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentaphosphate (ammonium salt) (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 (ammonium salt)) 是肌醇磷酸的异构体，并作为细胞信号传递中的小分子可溶性第二信使。它可以与 Grp1 的 PH 结构域结合，Kd 为 590 nM，能抑制 Akt/PKB 的磷酸化与激酶活性，从而诱导卵巢癌、肺癌和乳腺癌细胞的凋亡 (apoptosis)。另外，在体外实验中显示出抗血管生成活性，阻碍 HUVEC 的毛细血管形成，并对裸鼠体内癌症异种移植瘤产生抗肿瘤效果。

D-myo-Inositol-1,2,4,5,6-pentaphosphate (Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5) sodium salt 是几种信号转导关联的肌醇寡磷酸异构体之一。在人类 Jurkat t 淋巴细胞中，Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 (sodium salt) 被1/3 激酶磷酸化为 InsP6，并参与钙信号传导。

D-myo-Inositol-1,2,6-triphosphate (sodium) 是肌醇磷酸第二信使家族的成员之一，在细胞信号传递中至关重要。它与内质网受体结合后，会开放钙通道，从而增加细胞内钙离子浓度。

D-myo-Inositol-2,4,5-triphosphate (Ins(2,4,5)P3) (sodium salt) 是由磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸在磷脂酶 C 的参与下水解生成的第二信使。它与内质网受体结合后，可激活钙通道，提高细胞内钙浓度。D-myo-Inositol-2,4,5-triphosphate (sodium salt) 还是大鼠肝脏IP3受体的部分激动剂，适用于研究钙信号传导路径。

D-myo-Inositol-1,2,3,5-tetraphosphate (Ins(1,2,3,5,6)-P5) tetrasodium 是肌醇磷酸的一个异构体，能够作为可溶性第二信使在细胞钙信号传导中发挥作用。

D-myo-Inositol-1,3,4-triphosphate (sodium) 是一种与信号传导相关的肌醇多磷酸异构体。通过抑制 Ins(3,4,5,6)-P4 激酶活性，该化合物可以提高细胞内部的 Ins(3,4,5,6)-P4 浓度，从而阻碍钙激活氯离子通道的功能。此外，D-myo-Inositol-1,3,4-triphosphate (sodium) 的活性受胞浆中游离钙水平的调控。

Neo-Inositol is a group of chemically very stable small polar molecules with a variety of properties. It is one of the naturally occurring but rare inositol stereoisomers.

D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrahosphate (sodium salt) (Ins(1,4,5,6)-P4) is one of several different inositol oligophosphate isomers implicated in signal transduction. Production of Ins(1,4,5,6)-P4 by intestinal epithelial cells increases approximately 2-14 fold, depending on the strain and incubation time, following infection with Salmonella.[1] D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5,6-tetraphosphate (sodium salt) (Ins(1,4,5,6)-P4) is one of several different inositol oligophosphate isomers implicated in signal transduction. Production of Ins(1,4,5,6)-P4 by intestinal epithelial cells increases approximately 2-14 fold, depending on the strain and incubation time, following infection with Salmonella. Ins(1,4,5,6)-P4 antagonizes epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Ins(1,4,5,6)-P4 (tested as the D/L racemic mixture) is ~1,000-fold less potent than Ins(1,4,5)-P3 at initiating Ca2+ release when injected into Xenopus oocytes.[2]

D-myo-Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate tripotassium (Ins(1,4,5)-P3 tripotassium) 是一种可引发 Ca2+ 动员的细胞内信号转导系统中的第二信使。

D-myo-Inositol-1,4,6-phosphate (Ins(1,4,6)-P3) is a member of the inositol phosphate (InsP) family that play critical roles as small, soluble second messengers in the transmission of cellular signals. The most studied InsP, Ins(1,4,5)-P3, is a second messenger produced in cells by phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate. Binding of Ins(1,4,5)-P3 to its receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum results in opening of the calcium channels and an increase in intracellular calcium. Ins(1,4,6)-P3 (tested as the meso compound) is 9-fold less potent than Ins(1,4,5)-P3 at initiating Ca2+ release when injected into Xenopus oocytes.

The inositol phosphates are a family of mono- to poly-phosphorylated compounds that act as messengers, regulating cellular functions including cell cycling, apoptosis, differentiation, andmotility. D-myo-Inositol-1,5,6-triphosphate is an intermediate compound, produced by the dephosphorylation of various inositol-tetrakisphosphate forms. The triphosphate can be further metabolized to produce inositol-biphosphate mediators. The biological roles of D-myo-inositol-1,5,6-triphosphate remain to be determined.

D-myo-Inositol-4-phosphate (Ins(4)P1) is a member of the inositol phosphate (InsP) molecular family that play critical roles as small, soluble second messengers in the transmission of cellular signals. The most studied InsP, Ins(1,4,5)P3, is a second messenger produced in cells by phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate. Binding of Ins(1,4,5)P3 to its receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum results in opening of the calcium channels and an increase in intracellular calcium. Ins(4)P1 can be formed by dephosphorylation of Ins(1,4)P2 by inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase or dephosphorylated to inositol by inositol monophosphatase.

Ins(1,4,5)P3 is an isomer of the biologically important D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate. Unlike its isomer, Ins(1,4,5)P3 does not evoke a rise in intracellular calcium when added to cells. It is not known if Ins(1,4,5)P3 can act as a competitive inhibitor of biologically-active inositol phosphates.

Ins(1,2)P2 (sodium salt) is one of the many inositol phosphate (InsP) isomers that could act as small, soluble second messengers in the transmission of cellular signals. The most studied InsP Ins(1,4,5)P3, is a second messenger produced in cells by phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate. Binding of Ins(1,4,5)P3 to its receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum results in opening of the calcium channels and an increase in intracellular calcium. Ins(1,2)P2 (tested as the D/L racemic mixture) is ~1,000-fold less potent than Ins(1,4,5)P3 at initiating Ca2+ release when injected into Xenopus oocytes.

D-myo-Inositol-1,3,4,5-tetraphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)-P4) is formed by the phosphorylation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 3-kinase. Ins(1,3,4,5)-P4 increases intracellular calcium levels by two distinct mechanisms: opening calcium channels on both the endoplasmic reticulum to release calcium from internal stores and on the plasma membrane to allow the influx of calcium from outside the cell.

The inositol phosphates (IPs) are a family of molecules produced by altering the phosphorylation status of each of the six carbons on the cyclic inositol structure. They act as second messengers, regulating a wide array of cellular functions. D-myo-inositol-1,3,4,6-tetraphosphate(Ins(1,3,4,6)-P4) largely acts an intermediate, serving as substrate for inositol-1,3,4,6-tetraphosphate 5-kinase to produce inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentaphosphate, or inositol-1,3,4,6-tetraphosphate 2-kinase to give inositol-1,2,3,4,6-pentaphosphate. These inositol pentaphosphates can be further phosphorylated to produce inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, or phytic acid, which serves diverse roles in eukaryotic tissues. Ins(1,3,4,6)-P4 is a poor activator of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphospate receptor in vitro. Other functions of this IP remain to be elucidated.