pig 3

Parogrelil Free Base (NM-702 Free Base) 是一种选择性磷酸二酯酶3抑制剂，具有支气管扩张和抗炎作用，抑制白三烯（LT）D（4）和组胺诱导的离体豚鼠气管条的收缩，可用于研究支气管哮喘。

Litoxetine HCl 是一种选择性5-羟色胺（5-HT）再摄取抑制剂（SSRI）和混合5-羟色胺拮抗剂，可用于治疗尿失禁。Litoxetine HCl 在没有抗毒蕈碱特性的浓度下（10 nM-1 microM）引起大鼠离体食道肌肉粘膜的浓度依赖性松弛，使卡巴胆碱张力降低达37%,更高浓度的Litoxetine HCl（3微摩-300微摩）与明显的松弛有关，直至取消卡巴胆碱张力。以前在离体豚鼠肠道中证明的利托西汀的抗心律失常活性，在浓度大于1 microM 时在大鼠离体食道肌肉粘膜中发挥了作用。 Litoxetine HCl 的5-HT 释放作用可以解释利托西汀对未处理的大鼠组织中的5-HT 诱导的松弛的效力，这种效力被pCPA 处理所逆转。

AS-35 是一种可口服且具有选择性和高效性的 leukotrienes 拮抗剂，抑制 LTC4，LTD4 和 LTE4 诱导的回肠收缩。AS-35 具有抗过敏作用，抑制白三烯合成。

Methyl eugenol (4-allylveratrole) 是一种苯丙类化合物，存在于植物叶子、果实、根茎中，当植物相应的部位因食草动物进食而受损时，就会释放。它可用于消灭雄性东方果蝇。

3-Methylxanthine 是一种黄嘌呤衍生物和环磷酸鸟苷（GMP）抑制剂，在豚鼠分离的气管肌肉中测得其IC50值为 920 μM。

Rupatadine (UR-12592) is a potent dual PAF H1 antagonist with Ki of 0.55 0.1 uM(rabbit platelet membranes guinea pig cerebellum membranes).IC50 value:Target: PAF H1 antagonistin vitro: Rupatadine competitively inhibited histamine-induced guinea pig ileum contraction (pA2 = 9.29 + - 0.06) without affecting contraction induced by ACh, serotonin or leukotriene D4 (LTD4). It also competitively inhibited PAF-induced platelet aggregation in washed rabbit platelets (WRP) (pA2 = 6.68 + - 0.08) and in human platelet-rich plasma (HPRP) (IC50 = 0.68 microM), while not affecting ADP- or arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation [1]. The IC50 for rupatadine in A23187, concanavalin A and anti-IgE induced histamine release was 0.7+ -0.4 microM, 3.2+ -0.7 microM and 1.5+ -0.4 microM, respectively whereas for loratadine the IC50 was 2.1+ -0.9 microM, 4.0+ -1.3 M and 1.7+ -0.5 microM. SR-27417A exhibited no inhibitory effect [2].in vivo: Rupatadine blocked histamine- and PAF-induced effects in vivo, such as hypotension in rats (ID50 = 1.4 and 0.44 mg kg i.v., respectively) and bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs (ID50 = 113 and 9.6 micrograms kg i.v.). Moreover, it potently inhibited PAF-induced mortality in mice (ID50 = 0.31 and 3.0 mg kg i.v. and p.o., respectively) and endotoxin-induced mortality in mice and rats (ID50 = 1.6 and 0.66 mg kg i.v.) [1]. rupatadine treatment improved the declined lung function and significantly decreased animal death. Moreover, rupatadine was able not only to attenuate silica-induced silicosis but also to produce a superior therapeutic efficacy compared to pirfenidone, histamine H1 antagonist loratadine, or PAF antagonist CV-3988 [3]. [1]. Merlos M, et al. Rupatadine, a new potent, orally active dual antagonist of histamine and platelet-activating factor (PAF). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jan;280(1):114-21. [2]. Queralt M, et al. In vitro inhibitory effect of rupatadine on histamine and TNF-alpha release from dispersed canine skin mast cells and the human mast cell line HMC-1. Inflamm Res. 2000 Jul;49(7):355-60. [3]. Lv XX, et al. Rupatadine protects against pulmonary fibrosis by attenuating PAF-mediated senescence in rodents. PLoS One. 2013 Jul 15;8(7):e68631.

NSP-805 是一种强心剂，是一种选择性的 phosphodiesterase 3 抑制剂，具有舒张血管的作用。

14S(15R)-EET methyl ester, an oxylipin derived from arachidonic acid through cytochrome P450 metabolism, demonstrates specific biological activities. It exhibits affinity for isolated guinea pig monocytes, evidenced by a competitive binding assay with a Ki value of 612.5 nM using [3H]14(15)-EET. This compound notably enhances the dilation of precontracted isolated canine epicardial arterioles (EC50= 4 pM) and denuded porcine subepicardial arterioles (EC50= 3 pM), indicating potent vasodilatory effects. Unlike its isomer 14R(15S)-EET, 14S(15R)-EET methyl ester does not inhibit COX activity in enzyme assays or affect isolated platelets, highlighting its distinct functional profile.

1,3-Diarachidoyl glycerol, a diacylglycerol featuring arachidic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions, is identified within enzymatically randomized pig lard.

14S(15R)-EET is an oxylipin and a cytochrome P450 metabolite of arachidonic acid .114S(15R)-EET binds to isolated guinea pig monocytes with a Kivalue of 612.5 nM in a competitive binding assay using [3H]14(15)-EET.2It induces dilation of precontracted isolated canine epicardial arterioles (EC50= 4 pM) and denuded porcine subepicardial arterioles (EC50= 3 pM).3Unlike 14R(15S)-EET, 14S(15R)-EET does not inhibit COX in enzyme assays or isolated platelets.4 1.Daikh, B.E., Lasker, J.M., Raucy, J.L., et al.Regio- and stereoselective epoxidation of arachidonic acid by human cytochromes P450 2C8 and 2C91J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.271(3)1427-1433(1994) 2.Wong, P.Y.-K., Lai, P.-S., and Falck, J.R.Mechanism and signal transduction of 14 (R), 15 (S)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) binding in guinea pig monocytesProstaglandins Other Lipid Mediat.62(4)321-333(2000) 3.Zhang, Y., Oltman, C.L., Lu, T., et al.EET homologs potently dilate coronary microvessels and activate BKCa channelsAm. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.280(6)H2430-H2440(2001) 4.Fitzpatrick, F.A., Ennis, M.D., Baze, M.E., et al.Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity and platelet aggregation by epoxyeicosatrienoic acidsJ. Biol. Chem.261(2)15334-15338(1986)

RO-5328673 is a dual NK2 NK3 antagonist. O5328673. [(3)H]RO5328673 bound to a single saturable site on hNK2, hNK3 and gpNK3 with high-affinity. RO5328673 acted as an insurmountable antagonist at both human and guinea-pig NK3 receptors in the [(3)H]IP accumulation assay. In binding kinetic analyses, [(3)H]RO5328673 had fast association and dissociation rates at hNK2 while it had a fast association rate and a remarkably slow dissociation rate at gp and hNK3. In electrophysiological recordings of gp SNpc, RO5328673 inhibited the senktide-induced potentiation of spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurons with an insurmountable mechanism of action. RO5328673 exhibited in-vivo activity in gerbils, robustly reversing the senktide-induced locomotor activity.

Peptide YY (pig) 是一种由36个氨基酸组成的胃肠肽，源自猪的十二指肠。该化合物通过激活Y2 receptor来降低食欲和食物摄入量，主要在胰腺的内分泌细胞中发现，对肠动力和心血管系统具有重要影响。

Methoctramine is a selective antagonist of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (IC50 = 6.1 nM in CHO-K1 cell membranes).[1] It is selective for M2 over M1, M3, M4, and M5 receptors (IC50s = 92, 770, 260, and 217 nM, respectively). In vitro, methoctramine inhibits acetylcholine-induced reductions in isolated guinea pig tracheal tube contractions when used at a concentration of 1 μM.[2] In vivo, methoctramine inhibits bradycardia and bronchoconstriction induced by acetylcholinein guinea pigs with ED50 values of 38 and 81 nmol kg, respectively. In a rat model of spinal cord injury, methoctramine suppresses bladder overactivity induced by the non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist oxotremorine M.[3]

GSK172981 is a non-peptide tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonist with a high affinity for the recombinant human (PK (I) value 7.7) and native guinea pig (PK (I) value 7.8) tachykinin NK3 receptor. In vitro, the functional evaluation showed that GSK172981 was

Betamethasone 21-phosphate is a synthetic glucocorticoid.1It prevents increases in macrophage and eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreases in blood leukocyte numbers in a guinea pig model of parainfluenza-3 viral infection when administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg but does not prevent airway hyperresponsiveness after infection.2Betamethasone 21-phosphate inhibits cell infiltration into the aqueous humor in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis when administered topically or subcutaneously at doses of 0.01-1% or 1 mg/kg, respectively.3It increases maximal lung pressure volume curves in fetal sheep when administered to pregnant ewes at 0.75 gestation at doses of 80 and 170 μg/kg.1Betamethasone 21-phosphate increases body weight, impairs learning and memory, increases anxiolytic behavior, and reduces hippocampal neurogenesis in CD-1 mice but reduces body weight and increases neurogenesis with no effect on anxiety in high-anxiety DBA/2 mice when administered at a dose of approximately 25 mg/kg per day in the drinking water for seven weeks.4Formulations containing betamethasone 12-phosphate and betamethasone acetate have been used in the treatment of severe allergic conditions and a variety of immune-related conditions. 1.Loehle, M., Schwab, M., Kadner, S., et al.Dose-response effects of betamethasone on maturation of the fetal sheep lungAm. J. Obstet. Gynecol.202(2)186.e181-186.e187(2010) 2.Leusink-Muis, A., Ten Broeke, R., Folkerts, G., et al.Betamethasone prevents virus-induced airway inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigsClin. Exp. Allergy29(Suppl. 2)82-85(1999) 3.Tsuji, F., Sawa, K., Kato, M., et al.The effects of betamethasone derivatives on endotoxin-induced uveitis in ratExp. Eye Res.64(1)31-36(1997) 4.Aiello, R., Crupi, R., Leo, A., et al.Long-term betamethasone 21-phosphate disodium treatment has distinct effects in CD1 and DBA/2 mice on animal behavior accompanied by opposite effects on neurogenesisBehav. Brain Res.278155-166(2015)

Substance P (3-11)，作为P 物质 (SP) 的片段肽，具备穿透血脑屏障的能力，且对豚鼠回肠显示出收缩活性。

PPADS tetrasodiuma 是一种有效的 P2X 受体拮抗剂，也是是豚鼠气道平滑肌 Na Ca²⁺ 交换逆模式的抑制剂，对谷氨酸 NMDA毒性有神经保护作用。PPADS tetrasodiuma 抑制 P2X1、P2X-2、P2X-3 和 P2X-5。

3-O-Methylquercetin 是分离自植物Rhamnus nakaharai 的天然产物，可抑制总 cAMP 和cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE)。它对PDE1、PDE5、PDE 和PDE4的IC50分别是31.9 μM、86.9 μM、18.6 μM 和1.6 μM。

Arecaidine propargyl ester is an agonist of M2muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs).1It selectively binds to M2over M1, M3, M4, and M5mAChRs in CHO cells expressing the human receptors (Kis = 0.0871, 1.23, 0.851, 0.977, and 0.933 μM, respectively). Arecaidine propargyl ester induces contractions in isolated guinea pig atrium (pD2= 8.67). It induces apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in U87 and U251 glioblastoma cells when used at a concentration of 100 μM.2Arecaidine propargyl ester decreases mean arterial blood pressure in normotensive cats (ED25= 1.9 nmol kg).3It is toxic to house flies (Musca) when administered at a dose of 75 μg fly.4 1.Scapecchi, S., Matucci, R., Bellucci, C., et al.Highly chiral muscarinic ligands: the discovery of (2S,2’R,3’S,5’R)-1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine 3-sulfoxide methyl iodide, a potent, functionally selective, M2 partial agonistJ. Med. Chem.49(6)1925-1931(2006) 2.Di Bari, M., Tombolillo, B., Conte, C., et al.Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects mediated by M2 muscarinic receptor activation in human glioblastoma cellsNeurochem. Int.90261-270(2015) 3.Porsius, A.J., and Van Zwieten, P.A.Central action of some cholinergic drugs (arecaidine esters) and nicotine on blood pressure and heart rate of catsProg. Brain Res.47131-135(1977) 4.Honda, H., Tomizawa, M., and Casida, J.E.Insect muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: Pharmacological and toxicological profiles of antagonists and agonistsJ. Agric. Food Chem.55(6)2276-2281(2007)

P2X3 antagonist 34 是一种对P2X3同型三聚体受体具有高效性、选择性和口服活性的拮抗剂，其IC50值针对人类P2X3、大鼠P2X3及豚鼠P2X3分别为25 nM、92 nM和126 nM。相比之下，该化合物对人类、大鼠和豚鼠的P2X2 3异三聚体受体展现低活性。P2X3 antagonist 34 显著具有抗咳功效，同时不会影响味觉。

Zofenoprilat是一种血管紧张素转换酶(ACE; IC50 = 8 nM for the rabbit lung enzyme)的抑制剂，同时也是前体药zofenopril的活性代谢产物。它能够抑制分离的豚鼠小肠中由血管紧张素I或缓激肽诱导的收缩(EC50s = 3 and 1 nM, respectively)。在人类脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)中，Zofenoprilat (10 nM)降低基础内皮素-1分泌和一氧化氮(NO)生成，并阻止TNF-α诱导的活性氧种(ROS)增加以及谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平降低。Zofenoprilat (10 µM)保护初级人类心脏微血管内皮细胞免受多柔比星诱导的细胞毒性。此外，Zofenoprilat (10 µM)还能增加HUVECs中的硫化氢(H2S)生成，以及细胞的黏着、迁移和增殖。在以400 µM浓度使用时，它可以减少Langendorff分离的大鼠心脏灌流缺血再灌注损伤模型中的舒张末压和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放。

Sarafotoxin S6a TFA 是一种 Sarafotoxin 类似物，是一种内皮素受体 (endothelin receptor) 激动剂，具有与 Endothelin-3 相似的 ETA ETB 选择性。Sarafotoxin S6a TFA 诱导猪冠状动脉的 EC50值为 7.5 nM。

Camlipixant (BLU-5937) 是一种具有口服活性的嘌呤P2X3受体拮抗剂，具有有效性、选择性和竞争性。Camlipixant 对 hP2X3 同型三聚体的 IC50 为 25 nM。Camlipixant 可用于治疗呼吸系统疾病和免疫系统疾病，研究难治性慢性咳嗽和特应性皮炎。Camlipixant 具有较强的止咳效果。

8-O-Acetylharpagide 是从 Ajuga reptans 中分离得到的一种环烯醚萜，有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗菌和抗炎作用。它对豚鼠的离体平滑肌有生物活性。