mitogen-activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2

MK2-IN-3 (MK2 Inhibitor III) 是选择性的 MAPKAP-K2 (MK-2)抑制剂(IC50:8.5 nM)，能够抑制 U937 细胞及体内 TNFα 的生成。

MK2-IN-1 hydrochloride (MK 25) 是一种高效的选择性 MAPKAPK2(MK2)激酶抑制剂，其 IC50值为0.11uM。

Nisin Z 具有抗炎活性，抑制 ERK1 2 和 p38 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 （MAPK） 信号通路的激活，减少促炎细胞因子的释放，通过抑制 ERK1 2 和 p38 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路来减轻脂多糖诱导的乳腺炎。

Isoquercetin (3-Glucosylquercetin) 是天然存在的多酚，具有抗氧化，抗增殖和抗炎特性。它通过调节核因子-κB 转录调节系统调节一氧化氮合酶 2 的表达。它通过 Nrf2 ARE 抗氧化剂信号传导途径减轻乙醇诱导的肝毒性，氧化应激和炎症反应。它具有高生物利用度和低毒性，是预防糖尿病妊娠出生缺陷的有希望的候选药物。

AZD8330 (ARRY-704) 是非竞争性的 MEK1 MEK2抑制剂，IC50为 7 nM。

Vitexin 是一种存在于多种药用植物（如榕树、螺旋藻）中的 c-糖基化的黄酮。 它具有广泛的药理作用，包括抗氧化，抗癌，抗炎，抗痛觉过敏和神经保护作用。

MK2-IN-3 hydrate (MK-2 Inhibitor III) 是一种口服有活性的、ATP 竞争性的MAPKAP-K2 (MK-2)选择性抑制剂(IC50:0.85 nM)。

Olodanrigan (EMA401) 是具有口服活性、高选择性及外周受限的血管紧张素 Ⅱ 类型 2 受体(AT2R)拮抗剂。它的缓解疼痛的机制可能是：抑制增强的 AngII AT2R 诱导的 p38 和 p42 p44 MAPK 激活，进而阻碍 DRG 神经元的过度兴奋性及 DRG 神经元的萌发。它可用于研究神经性疼痛。

CMPD1 是非 ATP 竞争性 p38 MAPK 介导的 MK2磷酸化选择性抑制剂(Ki:330 nM)。

PF-3644022 是可口服的，具有 ATP 竞争性的MAPKAPK2 (MK2)选择性抑制剂，IC50为 5.2 nM，Ki 为 3 nM。它有效抑制 TNFα 的产生并具有抗炎作用，还抑制 MK3 和 p38 调节 激活激酶，IC50分别为 53 和 5.0 nM。

MK2-IN-7 (Compound 144) 是一种丝裂原活化蛋白激酶-活化蛋白激酶-2 (MK2) 的抑制剂，适用于炎性疾病、自身免疫性疾病和癌症研究。

PD 184161 是一种口服有效的，时间和浓度依赖的 MEK 抑制剂，IC50为10-100 nM。它诱导抑郁样行为，抑制细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡。

SB220025 是一种可口服且具有选择性和高效性的的 P38 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶抑制剂，抑制 p56Lck 和 PKC，抑制内皮生长素诱导的 Ca（2+） 信号，抑制血管生成，可用于研究关节炎。

NG 25 is a type II kinase inhibitor that inhibits MAP4K2 and TAK1 (IC50s = 21.7 and 149 nM, respectively).1It also inhibits the Src family kinases Src and LYN (IC50s = 113 and 12.9 nM, respectively) and Abl family kinases (IC50s = 75.2 nM), as well as CSK, FER, and p38α (IC50s = 56.4, 82.3, and 102 nM, respectively). NG 25 (100 nM) prevents TNF-α-induced IKKα/β phosphorylation and IκB-α degradation in L929 cells. It inhibits secretion of IFN-α and IFN-β induced by CpG type B and CL097, respectively, in Gen2.2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.2NG 25 decreases cell viability of HCT116KRASWT, and to a greater degree of HCT116KRASG13D, colorectal cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner.3It also reduces tumor growth and increases the number of TUNEL-positive tumor cells in a CT26KRASG12Dmouse orthotopic model of colorectal cancer. 1.Tan, L., Nomanbhoy, T., Gurbani, D., et al.Discovery of type II inhibitors of TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP4K2)J. Med. Chem.58(1)183-196(2015) 2.Pauls, E., Shpiro, N., Peggie, M., et al.Essential role for IKKβ in production of type 1 interferons by plasmacytoid dendritic cellsJ. Biol. Chem. 287(23)19216-19228(2012) 3.Ma, Q., Gu, L., Liao, S., et al.NG25, a novel inhibitor of TAK1, suppresses KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivoApoptosis24(1-2)83-94(2019)

p38 MAPK inhibitor (IC50 = 0.38 μM). Inhibits the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) assay (IC50 values are 0.039 and 0.16 μM respectively). Laufer et al (2003) Novel substituted pyridinyl imidazoles as potent anticytokine agents with low activity against hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. J.Med.Chem. 46 3230 PMID:12852754 |Kammerer et al (2007) Pharmacokinetics of ML3403 ({4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyridin-2-yl}-(1-phenylethyl)-amine), a 4-pyridinylimidazole-type p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. Drug Metab.Dispos. 35 875 PMID:17344341

Esculentoside A 是一种三萜皂苷，从商陆根部分离得到。它在具有抗炎活性，对环氧合酶-2 具有选择性抑制活性。它通过抑制NF-κB 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路抑制 LPS 诱导的急性肺损伤中的炎症反应。

Zunsemetinib (ATI-450) 是一种具有口服活性和选择性的 p38α 丝裂原激活蛋白激酶激活蛋白激酶2 (MK2)通路抑制剂。Zunsemetinib 可用于研究脊柱关节炎和类风湿性关节炎。

PD0325901-O-C2-dioxolane的主体为PD0325901，PD0325901是一种典型的非ATP竞争性MEK1 2（丝裂原活化蛋白激酶）抑制剂，占据ATP结合位点附近的变构结合袋，具有减少ERK的磷酸化和抑制细胞增殖的抗癌作用。

Trametinib (DMSO solvate) (GSK-1120212 (DMSO solvate)) 是一种口服有效的 MEK 抑制剂，抑制 MEK1 和 MEK2 的 IC50分别为 2 nM。它还能激活自噬，诱导凋亡。

Pimasertib (AS703026) 是一种高效选择性和ATP 非竞争性的MEK1 2抑制剂，可用于癌症研究。

The growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) play major roles in enhanced smooth muscle cells growth in rodent blood vessels after vascular injury. Tyrosine kinase inhibition has been shown to be effective in blocking tyrosine phosphorylation at the PDGF and bFGF receptors in cultured fibroblast and vascular smooth muscle cells which in turn inhibits their proliferation[1]. CGP 53716 is a specific PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor on SMC (smooth muscle cell) proliferation and migration in vitro and in neointimal formationin vivo[3]. CGP 53716 inhibited serum-induced cell growth in RASMC (rat aortic smooth muscle cells). And it completely blocked PDGF-BB tyrosine receptor autophosphorylation in RASMC and 3T3 cells, PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase at 1 μM in RASMC and inhibited PDGF-BB-induced c-Fos protein expression at 1 μM in RASMC; consistent with inhibition of PDGF-BB-induced DNA synthesis. Further, CGP 53716 inhibited PDGF-BB-, bFGF- and EGF-induced DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner in each cell line. And it showed a 2- to 4-fold selectivity for PDGF-BB-stimulated DNA synthesis over bFGF or EGF in RASMC or 3T3 cells[1]. CGP 53716 inhibited dose dependently tyrosine phosphorylation of both the known PDGFRs: the PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β. After rat carotid artery ballooning injuryin vivo, the migration of alpha-actin-positive cells on the luminal side of internal elastic lamina was decreased with 50 mg kg day of CGP 53716 from 38 ± 10 (control group) to 4 ± 2. Intima media ratio was inhibited by 40% after 14 days in the CGP 53716-treated group (P=0.028) after rat aortic denudation[3].

APS-2-79 hydrochloride (APS-2-79 HCl) 是一种 KSR 依赖性的MEK 拮抗剂，可与 ATPbiotin 竞争性地结合到 KSR2-MEK1 复合物内的KSR2。它与 KSR 结合可将 KSR 处于非活性状态，使其无法再结合 RAF 和激活 MEK，从而阻断 Ras-MAPK 信号通路。

RO5068760 , a substituted hydantoin, is a potent, highly selective, non-adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive MEK1 2 inhibitors. RO5068760 shows significant efficacy in a broad spectrum of tumors with aberrant mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. In vitro, RO5068760 demonstrates MEK1 kinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 0.025 μM in a cRaf MEK ERK cascade assay RO5068760 showed superior efficacy in tumors harboring B-RafV600E mutation.

R-130823 is a ighly selective inhibition against mitogen-activated protein kinase p38alpha (IC50=22 nM). The release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, -6 and -8 was inhibited in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human blood pretreated by R-130823 , with IC50 values of 0.089, 0.066, 0.95 and 0.16 microM, respectively. R-130823 reduced the established hind paw swelling in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis, while methotrexate showed no suppression. In the same model, R-130823 ameliorated adjuvant-induced hyperalgesia with rapid onset and long duration comparable to a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib.