walls

Xylan 是开花植物的次生植物细胞壁中的半纤维素成分，是一种由木糖单元组成的多糖，主要包含由纤维素连接的 β-D-木糖单位。

Muramic acid is a prevalent constituent found in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria, serving as a distinguishing marker for such bacteria[1].

Terazosin hydrochloride (Hytrin) 是一种竞争性和口服活性的 α1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂，是一种喹唑啉衍生物。它通过舒张血管和打开膀胱来起作用。它可用于良性前列腺增生和高血压的研究。

Diosmin (Venosmine) 是在各种柑橘类水果中发现的类黄酮，也是芳烃受体激动剂，有增强血管壁的作用。

Lignin (Lignine) 是一种具有生物可降解性和生物相容性的天然复合生物聚合物。它是植物细胞壁的主要成分，是一种可再生的芳香族聚合物，具有显著的抗氧化作用。

Nicardipine hydrochloride (YC-93 Hydrochloride) 是一种钙通道阻滞剂，IC50为 1 μM。它可阻断某些细胞壁中的钙离子并抑制冠状动脉和外周动脉的收缩，从而降低对氧气的需求心肌和减少动脉收缩和痉挛。它在临床上用作脑和冠状血管扩张剂。

Cefoxitin (Rephoxitin) 是一种广谱的、可口服的第二代头孢霉素类抗生素。Cefoxitin 干扰细菌细胞壁的合成。其活性谱包括革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性菌，通常用于腹腔感染、盆腔感染和某些类型的妇科感染等腹部，对厌氧菌具有高效性。

Chitin 是一种大型的结构多糖，存在于真菌的细胞壁、昆虫的外骨骼以及鱼类和无脊椎动物的某些坚硬结构中。

2,6-Diaminoheptanedioic acid 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

Cefazolin 是一种头孢类抗生素, 用于多种细菌感染的研究。

Primulin是用于植物学研究的染料，可有效可视化植物细胞壁。它主要应用于观察细胞形态和结构的详细分析。

TAK-661 是一种抑制嗜酸性粒细胞趋化性 (eosinophil chemotaxis) 的化合物。该化合物能有效缓解晚期支气管收缩，并抑制在支气管肺泡灌洗 (BAL) 过程中嗜酸性粒细胞的增多，以及其向气道壁的浸润。

Fumoxicillin是一种抗菌剂，它通过结合青霉素结合蛋白来抑制细菌细胞壁的生物合成。

Laccase-IN-5 (Compound 2b) 是一种漆酶 (Laccase) 抑制剂，其IC50值为0.82 μM。Laccase-IN-5 可以增强细胞膜的通透性，抑制菌丝生长，破坏细胞壁，并诱发氧化应激反应。它对多种植物病原真菌和卵菌展现出抗真菌活性，并可抑制B. dothidea，EC50为0.96 mg L。

PhoPS 是一种光活化的 β-内酰胺酶 (β-lactamase) 抑制剂。经光照激活后，PhoPS 释放出活性 β-lactamase 抑制剂 Sulbactam。PhoPS 能够抑制细菌细胞壁合成，并阻止大肠杆菌生物膜的形成，展现抗菌活性。

AMOR is unique to plant cell walls and enhances plant fertilization efficiency and capacity

Exeporfinium chloride(XF-73) is an antimicrobial agent that can weaken bacterial cell walls.

Feruloyl arabinobiose is a bioactive chemical extracted from the cell walls of spinach cells.

Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive (MICs = 5-160 µg ml) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 136-200 µg ml), as well as yeasts (MICs = 10-20 µg ml).1Ajoene is cytotoxic to mouse melanoma cells (IC50= 18 µM), as well as human colon, lung, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 7-41 µM).2It reduces tumor growth in a B16 BL6 mouse model of melanoma when administered at a dose of 25 mg kg every other day and decreases the number of lung metastases when administered prior to tumor cell inoculation at doses ranging from 1-25 mg kg. It inhibits ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in isolated baboon platelets when used at concentrations ranging from 75 to 150 µg ml and in platelet-rich plasma isolated from baboons when administered at a dose of 25 mg kg.3Ajoene (25 mg kg) prevents thrombus formation on damaged arterial walls in heparinized pigs in anin situmodel of thrombogenesis.5It also reduces high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, histopathological markers of liver damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and protein oxidation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 1.Naganawa, R., Iwata, N., Ishikawa, K., et al.Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlicAppl. Environ. Microbiol.62(11)4238-4242(1996) 2.Taylor, P., Noriega, R., Farah, C., et al.Ajoene inhibits both primary tumor growth and metastasis of B16 BL6 melanoma cells in C57BL 6 miceCancer Lett.239(2)298-304(2006) 3.Teranishi, K., Apitz-Castro, R., Robson, S.C., et al.Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoeneXenotransplantation10(4)374-379(2003) 4.Han, C.Y., Ki, S.H., Kim, Y.W., et al.Ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, inhibits high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through LKB1-dependent AMPK activationAntioxid. Redox Signal.14(2)187-202(2011) 5.Apitz-Castro, R., Badimon, J.J., and Badimon, L.A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental modelThromb. Res.75(3)243-249(1994)

A component of bacterial cell walls. For a protected derivative of MurNAc see Q-1005.

Glycerophosphoric acid是细菌细胞壁磷壁酸的主要成分之一，是常见的乳化剂。

Cholesteryl palmitate 是一种慢性间质性肺炎的有用预后生物标志物。

Hypocrellin B 是从真菌Hypocrella bambusae 和Shiraia bambusicola 中分离得到的一种感光颜料，可用于癌症光动力研究。它是一个凋亡诱导剂，还拥有抗菌和抗利什曼活性。

Anti-MRSA agent 3 能够明显的抑制耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA) 的活性 (MIC: 0.098 μg ml)，并且对正常细胞毒性较低。Anti-MRSA agent 3 对细菌基因组 DNA 具有较高的结合亲和力，对细菌细胞壁和细胞膜具有较强的破坏能力。