hexokinase

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) 是葡萄糖的类似物，是一种糖酵解抑制剂。2-Deoxy-D-glucose 具有抗病毒活性，还具有抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡的活性。

3-Bromopyruvic acid (Hexokinase II Inhibitor II, 3-BP) 是己糖激酶 II 抑制剂，是针对肝癌细胞的一种抗肿瘤剂。

Lonidamine (Diclondazolic Acid) 是一种抗肿瘤药物，是己糖激酶、线粒体丙酮酸载体和质膜单羧酸转运蛋白抑制剂，同时也抑制线粒体复合物 II。

Hexokinase(ScHEX1) 是一种糖酵解酶己糖激酶，收到 N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖的抑制。N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖对 Hexokinase(ScHEX1) 的抑制导致其与线粒体外膜分离，而导致 NLRP3炎症小体激活。

SID 24785302 是一种己糖激酶 (hexokinase) 抑制剂，能够通过抑制糖酵解和调节线粒体功能来阻止突变型线粒体 DNA 的复制。

Benitrobenrazide (Hexokinase 2 inhibitor 1) 是一种新型可口服的己糖激酶 2 (HK2) 抑制剂，具有抗癌抗肿瘤活性，通过靶向糖酵解来阻断癌细胞生长。Benitrobenrazide 抑制 SW1990 和 SW480 异种移植模型中的肿瘤生长，可用于研究癌症。

MK-0941 free base 是一种口服具有活力的葡糖激酶抑制剂，在葡萄糖浓度为 2.5 和 10 mM 的条件下，对重组人 glucokinase 的EC50值分别为 240 和 65 nM。它具有较强的降血糖特性，是研究 2 型糖尿病的候选药物。

PF-04937319 是一种葡萄糖激酶激活剂 (EC50 =154.4  μM)。 PF-04937319 保持降糖功效，同时降低许多其他 GKA 观察到的低血糖风险。 PF-04937319可用于治疗2型糖尿病的研究。

Globalagliatin (LY2608204) 是一种葡萄糖激酶 (GK) 活化剂，EC50=42 nM。

Dorzagliatin (HMS5552) 是双重作用的葡萄糖激酶 (glucokinase;GK) 激活剂，可改善 2 型糖尿病的血糖控制，提高胰腺 β 细胞功能。

trans-Palmitelaidic Acid (trans-Palmitoleic acid) 是palmitoleic acid 的反式异构体。Palmitoleic acid 是血清和组织中最丰富的脂肪酸之一。

AZD-1656 是口服有效的葡萄糖激酶选择性激活剂，EC50为 60 nM。AZD1656在2 型糖尿病中有研究的价值。

ADP-Specificglucokinase，一种嗜热古细菌中表达的 ADP 特异性葡萄糖激酶，主要功能是催化葡萄糖转化为葡萄糖-6-磷酸，从而推动糖酵解过程。此外，ADP-Specificglucokinase 在免疫调节中也扮演角色，能激活 T 细胞并增强巨噬细胞的吞噬能力。该酶在研究代谢性疾病、神经系统疾病及肿瘤方面具有潜在应用价值。

AMG-3969 是一种葡萄糖激酶-葡糖激酶调节蛋白相互作用的干扰物，IC50=为4 nM。

Ketohexokinase inhibitor 1 是一种酮己糖激酶抑制剂（对 KHK-C 和 KHK-A 的 IC50：分别为 8.4 nM 和 66 nM）。

Methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-(pent-2-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl)acetate ((±)-Jasmonic Acid methyl ester) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

L-Glucose (L-(-)-Glucose) 是一种 D-glucose 的对映体，可促进食物的摄取。

KHK-IN-1 hydrochloride 是一种具有选择性、细胞膜渗透性和高效性的己酮糖激酶 (KHK) 抑制剂，可用于研究糖尿病和肥胖症。

AM-2394 是新型的 glucokinase 激活剂 (GKA)。它能够激活葡萄糖激酶 (GK)，EC50=60 nM。

2-deoxy-D-Glucose-13C6is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by GC- or LC-MS. 2-deoxy-D-Glucose is a glucose antimetabolite and an inhibitor of glycolysis.1,2It inhibits hexokinase, the enzyme that converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, as well as phosphoglucose isomerase, the enzyme that converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.32-deoxy-D-Glucose (16 mM) induces apoptosis in SK-BR-3 cells, as well as inhibits the growth of 143B osteosarcoma cells cultured under hypoxic conditions when used at a concentration of 2 mg ml.4,5In vivo, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (500 mg kg) reduces tumor growth in 143B osteosarcoma and MV522 non-small cell lung cancer mouse xenograft models when used alone or in combination with doxorubicin or paclitaxel .6 1.Kang, H.T., and Hwang, E.S.2-Deoxyglucose: An anticancer and antiviral therapeutic, but not any more a low glucose mimeticLife Sci.78(12)1392-1399(2006) 2.Aft, R.L., Zhang, F.W., and Gius, D.Evaluation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose as a chemotherapeutic agent: Mechanism of cell deathBr. J. Cancer87(7)805-812(2002) 3.Ralser, M., Wamelink, M.M., Struys, E.A., et al.A catabolic block does not sufficiently explain how 2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibits cell growthProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA105(46)17807-17811(2008) 4.Liu, H., Savaraj, N., Priebe, W., et al.Hypoxia increases tumor cell sensitivity to glycolytic inhibitors: A strategy for solid tumor therapy (Model C)Biochem. Pharmacol.64(12)1745-1751(2002) 5.Zhang, X.D., Deslandes, E., Villedieu, M., et al.Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on various malignant cell lines in vitroAnticancer Res.26(5A)3561-3566(2006) 6.Maschek, G., Savaraj, N., Priebe, W., et al.2-deoxy-D-glucose increases the efficacy of adriamycin and paclitaxel in human osteosarcoma and non-small cell lung cancers in vivoCancer Res.64(1)31-34(2004)

D-Glucose 6-phosphate sodium (G6P sodium salt) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

在细胞中，当葡萄糖被己糖激酶或葡萄糖激酶磷酸化或在糖原分解过程中通过磷酸葡萄糖变位酶转化葡萄糖 1-磷酸时，会产生D-glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)。 G6P 位于糖酵解和戊糖磷酸途径的起点。当血糖水平高时，它也可以作为糖原储存。

Paromomycin (Sulfate Salt) is an aminoglycoside that is active against Gram-negative and many Gram-positive bacteria as well as some protozoa and cestodes. Paromomycin in combination with sodium stibogluconate has proven to be effective in African and Indian VL (visceral leishmaniasis) and improves survival in African VL[3]. PS (Paromomycin Sulfate) is effective for elimination of B. coli without hematological side effects[4]. The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase was slightly inhibited by 10(-3) M paromomycin sulfate while those of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were not inhibited[5]. In addition, with regard to correlation of endotoxemia with renal impairment, endogenous creatinine clearance and p-aminohippurate clearance were significantly improved (P less than 0.02) in those patients whose endotoxemia disappeared on paromomycin sulfate administration. Paromomycin sulfate seems to be effective in the prevention of endotoxemia and the associated renal impairment in cirrhosis in man[6]. Significantly higher frequencies of resistance to paromomycin, kanamycin, neomycin and tobramycin were observed in S. aureus isolates from PS (paromomycin supplemented) birds. Paromomycin supplementation resulted in resistance to aminoglycosides in bacteria of PS turkeys. Co-selection for resistance to other antimicrobial agents was observed in E. coli isolates[7].

2-Deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate disodium 是一种葡萄糖类似物，可抑制糖酵解，抑制己糖激酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶的功能。