DDN 是一种选择性胰岛素受体 (Insulin Receptor) 激活剂和胰岛素增敏剂,同时也是具有降血糖活性的胰岛素模拟物,具备口服有效性。其能够直接结合受体激酶结构域,诱导Akt与ERK磷酸化,并增强胰岛素对葡萄糖吸收的刺激作用。DDN 明显降低野生型及糖尿病 ob ob 和 db db 小鼠的血糖水平。
Luseogliflozin, a potent and competitive inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), competitively inhibits human SGLT2-mediated glucoseuptake with a Ki value of 1.10 nM.
Buformin (1-butylbiguanide) is an oral antidiabetic drug of the biguanide class. It also inhibits the synthesis of glucose by the liver. Buformin delays absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract increases insulin sensitivity and glucoseuptake
AS1938909 is a SHIP2 inhibitor that works by increasing Akt phosphorylation, glucose consumption, and glucoseuptake in L6 myotubes, specifically upregulating the GLUT1 gene.
6-Benzylthioinosine, a broad-spectrum metabolic inhibitor, inhibits glucoseuptake, decreases glycolysis and ATP concentration with minimal changes in ROS and mitochondrial respiration.