Tyvelose is an unusual 3,6-dideoxyhexose terminal sugar and the immunodominant component of glycoprotein antigens in the parasitic helminth T. spiralis, which is responsible for trichinosis in humans. It is produced in high amounts by the infective larva and is immunodominant during the muscle stage of infection. Mice immunized with tyvelose-BSA produce IgG1 antibodies to tyvelose but are not resistant to infection by T. spiralis. Tyvelose-specific antibodies (2.5 mg/20 g) administered to rat pups leads to expulsion of first stage larvae from the intestine within one hour.
Lipid U 105是一种可离子化的阳离子脂质(pKa = 6.65),已用于生成脂质纳米颗粒(LNPs)以在体外和体内递送环状RNA。含有Lipid U 105的LNPs并封装编码VEGF-A的环状RNA,会提高VEGF-A水平,并促进人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的增殖和迁移。同样的LNPs在用高脂肪和高糖饮食诱导的糖尿病小鼠模型中外用,可加速伤口愈合。