D-Epinephrine can be used as a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication. Epinephrine can be normally obtained from the adrenal glands and certain neurons. It involves in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the hear
Vindorosine has blood vessel relaxation effect, possible underlying mechanisms involving the inhibition of Ca(2+) entry via L-type Ca(2+) channels in vascular smooth muscles.
Propiverine is a potent antimuscarinic agent that effectively inhibits cellular calcium influx, leading to the reduction of muscle spasm. It exhibits neurotropic and musculotropic effects specifically on the smooth muscles of the urinary bladder. Propiverine proves valuable in research concerning overactive bladder (OAB) [1] [2].