amp-2

Proadrenomedullin (N-20) (bovine, porcine) 是一种来源于嗜铬细胞的、具有降压及抑制 catecholamine release 的非竞争性肽类。该化合物能显著抑制 PC12 嗜铬细胞瘤细胞的 catecholamine 分泌，显示出 350 nM 的 IC50 值。此外，Proadrenomedullin (N-20) (bovine, porcine) 作为 EC50 约为 270 nM 的阻断剂，能够有效抵抗烟碱能激动剂引起的 catecholamine release 脱敏现象和烟碱相关的信号通道 (22Na+摄取)。

β-CGRP, human acetate 是降钙素肽之一，通过受体活性修饰蛋白 (RAMP) 和降钙素受体样受体 (CRLR) 的复合物发挥作用（对于 CRLR RAMP1 和 CRLR，IC50：1 nM 和 300 nM RAMP2 在单元格中）。

2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) 是细胞天然免疫中第二信使，在 DNA 结合条件下由 cGAMP 合成酶 (cGAS) 催化形成。2',3'-cGAMP sodium 可与 STING 结合形成二聚体，诱导 IFN-β 及其他细胞因子的产生和表达。

Apomine (SR-9223i) 是一种 HMG-CoA-还原酶抑制剂，可在体外促进骨髓瘤细胞的凋亡，并与体内骨髓瘤的调节有关。 Apomine 加速 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰-CoA 还原酶的降解并刺激低密度脂蛋白受体活性。 Apomine 通过下调 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰-CoA 还原酶来增强洛伐他汀对骨髓瘤细胞的抗肿瘤作用。

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate (5'-AMP) 是一种核苷酸，用作 RNA 中的单体。它是一个腺苷 A1受体激动剂，对HSV-1和HSV-2具有显著的抗病毒活性。

Daphnetin (7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin) 是从 Genus Daphne 中分离得到的香豆素衍生物，有抗氧化、抗炎、抗疟疾和解热作用，可用于凝血功能障碍、类风湿性关节炎等疾病的相关研究。

2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate disodium ，一种核酸AMP衍生物，是DNA中存在的一种脱氧核苷酸。该化合物用于研究DNA合成中的腺苷基互作及其损伤分析。

USP7-IN-4(USP7 inhibitor ALM4)是一种非竞争性、高效、选择性的 USP7（泛素特异性蛋白酶7）抑制剂， IC50=6 nM，上调p53和p21，下调MDM2，增加MDM2 的泛素化水平，在多种癌细胞系中表现出抗增殖活性，RS4;11（急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞系）中EC50 = 2.0 nM。

2',3'-cGAMP (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP) 是细胞天然免疫中第二信使，在DNA结合条件下由 cGAMP 合成酶 (cGAS) 催化形成。2',3'-cGAMP 可与 STING 结合形成二聚体，诱导干扰素-β（IFN-β）及其他细胞因子的产生和表达。

Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (BML-275 2HCl) 是一种 AMPK 抑制剂 (Ki=109 nM)，具有选择性和 ATP 竞争性。Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride 可以抑制 BMP I 型受体 ALK2、ALK3 和 ALK6。Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride 可诱导自噬，具有抗肿瘤活性。

Adenosine-2'-monophosphate (2'-AMP) 是由 2’,3'-CAMP 转化的核苷，抑制小胶质细胞产生炎性细胞因子，通过 A2A 受体抑制活化的原代小鼠小胶质细胞产生 TNF-α 和 CXCL10。

8-CPT-Cyclic AMP (8-CPT-cAMP) sodium 是环 AMP 依赖性蛋白激酶的选择性激活剂。 8-CPT-Cyclic AMP sodium 也是有效的环 GMP 特异性磷酸二酯酶(PDE VA)抑制剂，IC50为 0.9 μM。 8-CPT-Cyclic AMP sodium 还抑制 PDE III 和 PDE IV，IC50分别为 24 和 25 μM。8-CPT-Cyclic AMP sodium 对 Epac 具有非常高的亲和力，是一种有效的Epac 活化剂。

2MeSAMP is a P2Y(12) antagonist that works by inhibiting platelet activation through a P2Y(12)/G(i)-dependent mechanism.

5'-pApA is a linearized form of cyclic di-AMP, a bacterial second messenger that activates the host innate immune system through stimulator of interferon genes (STING).1,2,3,4It is a metabolite of cyclic di-AMP formedviahydrolysis by various phosphodiesterases (PDEs).55'-pApA is intended for use as a negative control for cyclic di-AMP signaling. 1.Burdette, D.L., Monroe, K.M., Sotelo-Troha, K., et al.STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic-di-GMPNature478(7370)515-518(2011) 2.Parvatiyar, K., Zhang, Z., Teles, R.M., et al.DDX41 recognizes bacterial secondary messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP to activate a type I interferon immune responseNat. Immunol.13(12)1155-1161(2012) 3.Woodward, J.J., Iavarone, A.T., and Portnoy, D.A.c-di-AMP secreted by intracellular Listeria monocytogenes activates a host type I interferon responseScience328(5986)1703-1705(2010) 4.Witte, C.E., Whiteley, A.T., Burke, T.P., et al.Cyclic di-AMP is critical for Listeria monocytogenes growth, cell wall homeostasis, and establishment of infectionmBio4(3)e00282-00213(2013) 5.Fahmi, T., Port, G.C., and Cho, K.H.c-di-AMP: An essential molecule in the signaling pathways that regulate the viability and virulence of gram-positive bacteriaGenes (Basel)8(8)197(2017)

AMP-Deoxynojirimycin (AMP-DNM) 是一种有效的神经酰胺葡萄糖基转移酶和 GCase 2 抑制剂。AMP-Deoxynojirimycin 是一种有效的 GlcCer 生物合成抑制剂，可用于研究帕金森和糖尿病。

Rp-8-CPT-cAMP is a structural combination of the lipophilic and non-hydrolyzable cAMP analogs, 8-CPT-cyclic AMP and Rp-cyclic AMPS .[1] It functions as a site-selective inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA) type I and II, with preference towards site A of type I and site B of type II.2 By occupying cAMP binding sites at the regulatory subunit of PKA, Rp-8-CPT-cAMP prevents the kinase holoenzyme from dissociative activation.[2],[3]

Cyclic di-IMP (sodium salt) (c-di-IMP) is a synthetic second messenger structurally related to the bacterial second messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP . C-di-IMP has adjuvant properties when co-administered with antigens in vitro and by mucosal routes in vivo. C-di-IMP enriches the population of MHC class I and II, CD80, CD86, CD40, and CD54 positive dendritic cells derived from murine bone marrow. It also stimulates macrophages at 500 ng ml. Mice immunized with β-galactosidase (β-gal) plus c-di-IMP through the intranasal route show a humoral immune response, evidenced by an increase in IgG titers up to 2-fold compared to mice immunized with β-gal alone. Mice immunized with β-gal plus c-di-IMP also exhibit a Th1 Th2 response, indicating that the adjuvant activity of c-di-IMP leads to a cellular immune response as well.

Cyclic di-UMP is a pyrimidine-containing cyclic dinucleotide (CDN).1It is produced by bacterial cGAS DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases (CD-NTases), such as LpCdnE02 fromL. pneumophila, and binds to cGAS, in the apo or dsDNA-bound forms, with reduced affinity compared to 2'3'-cGAMP or 3'3'-cGAMP .1,2Cyclic di-UMP is intended for use as a negative control for cyclic di-GMP signaling. 1.Whiteley, A.T., Eaglesham, J.B., de Oliveira Mann, C.C., et al.Bacterial cGAS-like enzymes synthesize diverse nucleotide signalsNature564(7747)194-199(2019) 2.Hall, J., Ralph, E.C., Shanker, S., et al.The catalytic mechanism of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and implications for innate immunity and inhibitionProtein Sci.26(12)2367-2380(2017)

The prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) is one of four G protein-coupled receptors that mediate the actions of prostaglandin E2 . Binding of PGE2 to the EP4 receptor causes an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP, which plays important roles in bone formation and resorption, cancer, and atherosclerosis. KMN-80 is a substituted γ-lactam (pyrrolidinone) derivative of PGE1 that acts as a selective and potent agonist of EP4 with an IC50 value of 3 nM (IC50 = 1.4 μM for EP3 and > 10 μM for all other prostanoid receptors). In functional assays it has been shown to stimulate secreted alkaline phosphatase gene reporter activity in EP4-transfected HEK293 cells with an EC50 value of 0.19 nM, demonstrating >5,000 and 50,000-fold selectivity against EP2 and TP, respectively. KMN-80 can induce the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells from both young and aged rats into osteoblasts in vitro (EC50s = 20 and 153 nM, respectively) and exhibits favorable tolerability up to at least 10 μM, whereas the EP4 agonist L-902,688 is highly cytotoxic at similar concentrations in these cells. KMN-80 has been used to repair calvarial defects in an in vivo rat craniomaxillofacial reconstruction model (rate of reduction in defect size equivalent to BMP-2 treated rats) and to promote bone formation in a rat incisor tooth socket model.

2-Methylthio-AMP diTEA (2-MeSAMP) is a selective and direct antagonist of the P2Y12 receptor, effectively inhibiting ADP-dependent platelet aggregation[1][2][3].

RO1138452 (CAY10441) 是一种选择性和可口服的前列环素受体拮抗剂，pKi 为8.3。它拮抗卡前列环素诱导的人神经母细胞瘤腺苷酸环化酶的激活，以剂量依赖性方式阻断环 AMP 积累，具有镇痛活性。

2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate (D-AMP) 是一种存在于 DNA 中的脱氧核糖核苷酸，是一种核酸 AMP 衍生物。它能够用于研究 DNA 合成和 DNA 损伤过程中基于腺苷的相互作用。

Tiliroside (Tribuloside) 是糖苷类黄酮，是 α-淀粉酶的非竞争性抑制剂(Ki:84.2 μM)。它抑制胃肠道中碳水化合物的消化和葡萄糖的吸收，具有抗糖尿病作用。

Mycobactin-IN-2 (化合物 49) 是与水杨酰-AMP 连接酶 (MbtA) 结合的分枝杆菌素生物合成抑制剂，MbtA 是分枝杆菌素生物合成途径的关键酶。