Ondansetron exhibits a variety of bioactivities primarily related to its high affinity for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor. It demonstrates potent antagonist activity against this receptor, with Ki values as low as 0.77 nM and IC50 values in the range of 1.4 to 1.95 nM in different assays. This compound effectively inhibits 5-HT3 receptor-induced responses, such as bradycardia and emesis, with significant efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo models. For instance, it exhibits an ID50 of 0.0036 mg/kg for inhibiting 5-HT-evoked reflex bradycardia in rats, and an ED50 of 0.008 mg/kg intravenously for reducing cisplatin-induced emetic episodes in ferrets and dogs.
Additionally, Ondansetron has shown various degrees of inhibitory activity against other receptors and enzymes. It displays weak binding affinities for receptors such as dopamine D2, 5-HT1, and 5-HT2, with Ki values greater than 1000 nM. The compound also shows moderate effectiveness in inhibiting human liver transporters (e.g., OCT1, HERG, BSEP) and enzymes, with IC50 values ranging from 400 nM to greater than 135,000 nM.
Furthermore, in pharmacokinetic evaluations, Ondansetron has an oral bioavailability of 79%, a volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) of 1.8 L/kg, and demonstrates a hepatic clearance rate of 5.8 mL/min/kg. It also exhibits an unbound fraction of 0.27 in human plasma and a half-life (T1/2) of 3.4 hours after intravenous administration in humans.
In terms of therapeutic relevance, Ondansetron has exhibited antiemetic properties and antidepressant-like activities in animal models, as well as minimal hepatotoxic effects. However, it has limited efficacy against specific viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, with antiviral assay results indicating low effectiveness.
Overall, Ondansetron’s primary pharmacological action is as a potent antagonist of the 5-HT3 receptor, making it a potential candidate for treating conditions such as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, with additional relevance in various serotonin-related physiological functions..
Note: Summary generated by AI. Data source: ChEMBL 