Bcl-2-IN-9

Bcl-2-IN-9 是新型的、促凋亡的、细胞毒性低的 Bcl-2 抑制剂 (IC50: 2.9 μM)。Bcl-2-IN-9 能够下调 Bcl-2 表达，诱导癌细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)，并对白血病细胞表现出高选择性。

Ethyl gallate (gallic acid ethyl ester) 是一种非类黄酮酚过氧化氢清除剂。

Procyanidin C1 是一种天然多酚，可造成 DNA 损伤，细胞周期停滞，诱导凋亡。它降低癌细胞中 Bcl-2 的蛋白水平，增强 BAX，caspase 3 和 9 的表达。

BM-962 (Compound 31) 是一种高效的小分子抑制剂，对Bcl-2的IC50为4 nM (Ki=0.8 nM)，对Bcl-xL的IC50为3.9 nM (Ki<1 nM)。它对H1417和H146细胞系表现出抑制作用，IC50值分别为9 nM和13 nM。BM-962 具备在癌症研究中的应用潜力。

MAPK-IN-3 (Compound 4a) 是一种抗增殖剂，特别对 KYSE 30、HCT 116 和 HGC 27 具有强效抑制作用，其 IC50 分别为 0.57 μM、3.27 μM 和 2.28 μM。通过 p53 依赖机制，MAPK-IN-3 阻滞细胞周期，并通过 p53 非依赖机制诱导细胞凋亡。该化合物下调细胞周期相关蛋白（如 Cyclin D1 和 Cyclin B1）的表达，上调促凋亡蛋白（如裂解 PARP、裂解 caspase-7 和裂解 caspase-9）的表达，减少抗凋亡蛋白（如 Bcl-2）的表达，增加 KYSE 30 细胞内的 ROS 水平，并上调与 ROS 相关的 MAPK 信号通路成员（如 p-ERK、p-p38 和 p-JNK）的表达。

EMT inhibitor-3 (compound 11i) 是一种能够抑制上皮-间质转化 (EMT) 的化合物，对神经母细胞瘤 SK-N-SH 细胞的抑制IC50值为2.5 μM。它可抑制SK-N-SH细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭，通过增加Bax Bcl-2蛋白表达比例促进细胞色素 (Cytochrome C) 从线粒体释放，并激活caspase 9和caspase 3，从而诱导线粒体介导的内源性细胞凋亡 (Apoptosis)。EMT inhibitor-3 可用于癌症研究。

TCF4 β-catenin-IN-1 (Compound 8b) 是一种 TCF4 β-catenin 的抑制剂，能够诱导细胞凋亡（apoptosis）。它可以上调 p53、caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9 的水平，以及 Bax 蛋白的表达，同时下调 Bcl-2 蛋白的表达。此外，TCF4 β-catenin-IN-1 能抑制 CYP3A4、CYP1A2、CYP2C19，并在癌细胞中展现出优良的细胞毒活性。

9(E),11(E),13(E)-Octadecatrienoic acid (β-ESA) is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid that is found in plant seed oils and in mixtures of conjugated linolenic acids synthesized by the alkaline isomerization of linolenic acid. It reduces growth of Caco-2 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In vitro, β-ESA induces DNA fragmentation and upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax mRNA. β-ESA decreases protein expression of the apoptosis suppression factor Bcl-2 and induces apoptosis in T24 bladder cancer cells via production of reactive oxygen species. It also inhibits bacterial fatty acid dioxygenase with a Ki value of 49 nM in vitro.

CGP74514A is a CDK1 inhibitor with potential anticancer activity. In U937 cells, CGP74514A - induced apoptosis (5 microM) became apparent within 4 hr and approached 100% by 24 hr. The pan- caspase inhibitor Boc-fmk and the caspase-8 inhibitor lETD-fmk opposed CGP74514A -induced caspase-9 activation and PARP degradation, but not cytochrome c or Smac DIABLO release. CGP74514A -mediated apoptosis was substantially blocked by ectopic expression of full-length Bel- 2, a loop-deleted mutant Bcl-2, and Bcl-x(L). CGP74514A treatment (5 microM; 18 hr) resulted in increased p21(CIP1) expression, p27(KIP1) degradation, diminished E2F1 expression, and dephosphorylation of p34(CDC2). It also induced early (i.e., within 2 hr) inhibition of CDK1 activity and dephosphorylation of pRb, followed by pRb degradation, but did not block pRb phosphorylation at CDK2- and CDK4- specific sites. These findings indicate that the selective CDK1 inhibitor, CGP74514A , induces complex changes in cell cycle......

Aviculin 是一种木聚糖苷，是一种有效的抗癌剂 (anticanceragent)。Aviculin 可降低 MCF-7 细胞代谢活性到 50% 以下，IC50为 75.47 μM。Aviculin 通过内在凋亡途径诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。Aviculin 增加了 caspase-9、caspase-7和 PARP 的表达。Aviculin 使 Bax Bcl-2 的比值升高。

HA-14-1, a small molecule, binds the surface pocket of Bcl-2 proteins (IC50= ~ 9 µM), including Bcl-xl and Bcl-W, and disrupts their interaction with the Bak peptide. This action induces apoptosis by activating Apaf-1 and caspase-9 and -3. Additionally, HA-14-1 effectively induces apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia (HL-60) cells, with a 50 µM concentration resulting in a 90% loss of cell viability.

Scutebarbatine A shows significant antitumor effects on A549 cells in vivo and in vitro via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating expressions of caspase-3 and 9, and down-regulating Bcl-2. Scutebarbatine A and barbatine A show a significant ability to protect cells against H2O2 with ED50 values of 5.0 and 16.8 μM, respectively.

Barakol, 主要存在于Cassia siamea中的化合物，既抑制MMP-3活性，又增强阿霉素的抗转移作用。此外，Barakol通过诱导细胞凋亡 (Apoptosis)、产生活性氧以及增加Bax Bcl-2的表达比率，激活caspase-9，进而发挥其作用。Barakol还具备通便、抗焦虑、中枢神经系统抑制、抗氧化以及抗癌的多重生物活性。