chronic kidney disease

M1001 是较弱的HIF-2α激动剂，直接与 HIF-2α PAS-B 结构域结合，Kd=667 nM，能够提高 HIF-2α-ARNT 复合体之间的稳定性。

PFI-2 是一种有效、特异性和细胞活性的赖氨酸甲基转移酶 SETD7 抑制剂，Ki 和 IC50值分别为 0.33 和 2 nM。

PFI-2 hydrochloride ((R)-PFI-2 hydrochloride) 是一种有效的、高度选择性的、具有细胞活性的 SETD7 甲基转移酶抑制剂，IC50值为2nM，活性是 (S)-PFI-2 的 500 倍。

AZD9977 是一种选择性的，有效的，具有口服活性的盐皮质激素受体 (MR) 调节剂，可用于研究心力衰竭和慢性肾病。

Finerenone (BAY-948862) 是一种类盐皮质激素受体 (MR) 的非甾体拮抗剂 (IC50=18 nM)，具有选择性和口服活性。Finerenone 被用于慢性肾病伴 2 型糖尿病患者的治疗。

Bis-T-23是一种肌动蛋白依赖性达纳敏低聚物的促进剂，是一种 HIV-I 整合酶抑制剂，是泰尔普斯丁衍生物。Bis-T-23可以促进肌动蛋白依赖性的dynamin 寡聚化。Bis-T-23可用于HIV 和慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）的研究。

6-Acryloyloxyhexyl phosphate (PA21) 是一种新型磷酸盐结合剂，属于铁基试剂，可用于治疗慢性肾脏病中的高磷血症。

Avosentan（Ro 67-0565; SPP-301） 是有效的内皮素受体（ETA）拮抗剂,对内皮素-1诱导的收缩有很强的抑制作用,可能对慢性肾脏疾病具有保护作用。[2]

Calcium polystyrene sulfonate (Poly(styrenesulfonic acid) calcium salt) 是一种离子交换树脂。 Calcium polystyrene sulfonate 可降低血钾水平，可用于治疗慢性肾病患者高钾血症的研究。

5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (HD-003) 是一种可能用于治疗肾衰竭的抗氧化剂。它是肌酐代谢物，是一种羟基自由基清除剂，此前已显示通过抑制大鼠慢性肾病的进展来提供肾脏保护。 它是一种新型抗氧化药物，可完全抑制 B2-激肽受体(B2KR) 对 VSMC 中高葡萄糖 (25 mM) 刺激的反应，并且还显示可减弱 BK 对 VSMC 重塑的影响。它抑制 BK 诱导的 MAPK 磷酸化增加并减弱 VSMC 中结缔组织生长因子 (CTGF) 蛋白水平的增加。这些研究结果表明，它可能通过其抗氧化特性赋予血管保护免受高葡萄糖浓度和 BK 刺激以改善血管损伤和重塑。

Sevelamer carbonate 是一种口服具有活力的非钙基磷酸盐结合剂，能有效降低体内血清磷水平，但对体内血清钙、氯水平影响极小，可用于研究慢性肾脏病的高磷血症。它被认为是七氟乙烯的一种改进的缓冲形式。

CDDO-dhTFEA 是合成的齐墩果烷三萜化合物，可有效激活Nrf2并抑制促炎转录因子NF-κB。 它可以恢复高血压 (MAP)，提高 Nrf2 及其靶基因的表达，抑制 NF-κB 的活化和转化生长因子-β 途径，并减少慢性肾病 (CKD) 大鼠的肾小球硬化，间质纤维化和炎症。

12-Ketodeoxycholic acid 是一种胆汁酸，由肾脏代谢产生。它是肾脏损伤的标志物。

DDO-3055 是一种口服活性化合物，作为PHD2抑制剂，适用于慢性肾病贫血的研究。

PHM-2-167 (Compound 11) 一种有选择性的PHD (prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme) 抑制剂，对 PHD2 和 PHD3 的抑制作用的IC50值分别为 0.253 μM 和 3.95 μM。PHM-2-167 可应用于慢性肾病的研究之中。

PHD2-IN-4 (compound 1) 是一种PHD2抑制剂，其对PHD2的抑制IC50为4 nM，可用于慢性肾病研究。

p-Cresyl Sulfate 是主要的尿毒症毒素，存在于慢性肾病患者的血液，来源于肝脏中酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸的代谢物。

Iron Sorbitex is used for the treatment of Iron Sorbitex deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Iron Sorbitex can be used as an Iron Sorbitex replacement product used for the treatment of Iron Sorbitex deficiency anemia in patients wit

Resolvin E2 (RvE2) is a member of the specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) family of bioactive lipids.1It is produced from eicosapentaenoic acidviaan 18-HEPE intermediate, which is formed by aspirin-acetylated COX-2-mediated oxidation of EPA, by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in human polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophils.2,3RvE2 (20 ng/animal) inhibits increases in inflammatory exudate neutrophil infiltration in a mouse model of peritonitis induced by zymosan A .3Hepatic RvE2 levels are increased in mice fed normal chow, as well as in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), by dietary supplementation with EPA.4Plasma levels of RvE2 are increased by dietary supplementation with fish oil containing ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in patients with peripheral artery disease or chronic kidney disease.1,5,6 1.Chiang, N., and Serhan, C.N.Specialized pro-resolving mediator network: An update on production and actionsEssays Biochem.64(3)443-462(2020) 2.Tjonahen, E., Oh, S.F., Siegelman, J., et al.Resolvin E2: Identification and anti-inflammatory actions: Pivotal role of human 5-lipoxygenase in resolvin E series biosynthesisChemistry & Biology131193-1202(2006) 3.Sungwhan, F.O., Pillai, P.S., Recchiuti, A., et al.Pro-resolving actions and stereoselective biosynthesis of 18S E-series resolvins in human leukocytes and murine inflammationJ. Clin. Invest.121(2)569-581(2011) 4.Echeverría, F., Valenzuela, R., Espinosa, A., et al.Reduction of high-fat diet-induced liver proinflammatory state by eicosapentaenoic acid plus hydroxytyrosol supplementation: Involvement of resolvins RvE1/2 and RvD1/2J. Nutr. Biochem.6335-43(2019) 5.Ramirez, J.L., Gasper, W.J., Khetani, S.A., et al.Fish oil increases specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in PAD (the OMEGA-PAD II trial)J. Surg. Res.238164-174(2019) 6.Barden, A.E., Shinde, S., Burke, V., et al.The effect of n-3 fatty acids and coenzyme Q10 supplementation on neutrophil leukotrienes, mediators of inflammation resolution and myeloperoxidase in chronic kidney diseaseProstaglandins Other Lipid Mediat.1361-8(2018)

L-Tyrosine-13C9,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of L-tyrosine by GC- or LC-MS. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid.1It is produced by hydroxylation of phenylalanine by phenylalanine hydroxylase but can also be obtained from dietary sources or degradation of endogenous proteins, resulting in L-tyrosine release.1,2L-Tyrosine is a precursor in the biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters, melanins, and thyroid hormones.3Plasma, skeletal muscle, and erythrocyte levels of L-tyrosine are decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease.1 1.Kopple, J.D.Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism in chronic kidney failureJ. Nutr.137(6 Suppl 1)1586S-1590S(2007) 2.Webster, D., and Wildgoose, J.Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuriaCochrane DB Syst. Rev.2013(6)CD001507(2013) 3.Slominski, A., and Paus, R.Towards defining receptors for L-tyrosine and L-DOPAMol. Cell Endocrinol.99(2)C7-C11(1994)

Difelikefalin (CR-845; FE-202845) is a peripherally restricted, selective agonist of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and holds promise for modulating pruritus in conditions associated with chronic kidney disease.

Zevaquenabant ((S)-MRI-1867), a dual cannabinoid CB1 receptor and inducible NOS (iNOS) antagonist, is orally bioavailable and peripherally restricted. It effectively mitigates obesity-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD).

DDR1-IN-4 是一种具有选择性和高效性的盘肽结构域受体 1 (DDR1) 抑制剂，具有潜在的抗癌活性，抑制 DDR1 和 DDR2 的自磷酸化，可用于研究慢性肾病。

Vadadustat 是一种可滴定口服的缺氧诱导因子脯氨酰羟化酶 (HIF-PH) 抑制剂，是一种促红细胞生成剂，在动物慢性肾脏疾病模型中，有用于贫血的研究潜力。