D18 is an immune modulator that acts as a dual agonist for TLR7/8 (with EC50 values of 24 nM for hTLR7 and 10 nM for hTLR8, respectively). It enhances the expression of PD-L1 through epigenetic regulation, thereby increasing the sensitivity of tumors to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Additionally, D18 functions as a cytotoxin for ADC synthesis, specifically for the ADC HE-S2 [1].
(S)-Propafenone ((S)-SA-79) is the S-enantiomer of Propafenone. It possesses beta-blocking properties and exhibits class 1 antiarrhythmic activity reliant on sodium channel blockade.
Vapreotide diacetate is a synthetic analog of somatostatin. It has analgesic activity most likely mediated through the blockade of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), the substance P (SP)-preferring receptor.