complex diseases

Flosatidil是一种小分子电压门控性钙通道复合体(VDCCs)阻滞剂，可用于治疗神经系统疾病和心血管疾病，可用于研究心绞痛。

Neridronate (奈立膦酸)是一种氨基二磷酸盐，常用于骨代谢紊乱相关疾病和复杂区域疼痛综合征（CRPS），如成骨不全症 (OI) 和佩吉特骨病 (PDB)。

HOIPIN-8 sodium 是一种高效性线性泛素链组装复合物（LUBAC） 抑制剂，可用于研究炎症和免疫疾病。

JMS-175-2，一种具有3.8 μM IC50的高效BRCC36异肽酶复合物(BRISC)抑制剂，对于I型干扰素介导的疾病具有显著影响。

Antibacterialagent 272 (Compound Z22) 是一种以 DNA 及 DNA-拓扑异构酶 II (DNA-Topo II) 复合物为靶点的潜在抗菌剂。它对 Staphylococcus aureus 25923 和 29213 的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为 1 μg/mL，对 Staphylococcus epidermidis 12228 为 2 μg/mL，对 Enterococcus faecalis 为 2 - 4 μg/mL，而对 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027 和 27853 为 4 μg/mL，显示出显著的抗菌活性。通过嵌入结合 DNA 碱基对，Antibacterialagent 272 干扰细菌 DNA 的正常功能，可用于细菌感染疾病的研究。

dGEM3 是一种靶向 GEMIN3 (运动神经元存活复合体成员) 的分子胶降解剂。dGEM3 被用于研究癌症和神经退行性疾病等与异常蛋白质调控相关的疾病。

BCX-3607 是一种具有口服活性的组织因子/因子 VIIa (TF-FVIIa) 抑制剂，其 IC50 为 4 nM。通过抑制 TF-FVIIa 复合物，BCX-3607 有效阻断外源性凝血途径，显著延长凝血酶原时间 (PT)，并对 TF-FVIIa 显示出比其他丝氨酸蛋白酶（如凝血酶、FXa 等）更高的选择性。BCX-3607 能够减轻血栓重量和炎症反应，展现出抗血栓和抗炎的双重作用，适用于血栓相关疾病的研究。

CS-VIP 8是一种高选择性变构WDR5蛋白抑制剂 (Ki= 0.008 μM)。它通过诱导MLL1复合物的构象变化，使MLL1从复合物中分离，并抑制MLL1组蛋白甲基转移酶活性，从而调节HOX基因的表达。CS-VIP 8在白血病等血液系统疾病的研究中具有潜力。

HT1042 is an inhibitor of the β5i component of the 20S proteasome complex, it is used to aid in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune and hematologic malignancies.

Majucin is a sesquiterpene derived from Illicium sp. that possess complex caged chemical architecture and remarkable neurotrophic activities with potential activity against neurodegenerative diseases.

S1QEL1.1（S1QEL）是线粒体呼吸复合物 I 位点 IQ 电子泄漏的抑制因子，可抑制 O2 诱导的 ROS 生成，并阻止 O2 诱导的 DA 关闭，可用于心血管疾病的研究。

Sphingomyelins are complex membrane lipids composed of phosphorylcholine, sphingosine, and an acylated group, such as a fatty acid. Lysosphingomyelin is a naturally-occurring lipid which is produced by the removal of the acylated group of sphingomyelin by a deacylase. Lysosphingomyelin may, in turn, serve as a substrate for autotaxin, which removes choline to produce sphingosine-1-phosphate. The receptors and signaling pathways that are activated by lyso-sphingosine are diverse and vary between cell types. Lysosphingomyelin occurs naturally in plasma, is a constituent of lipoproteins, and is increased in some diseases, including dermatitis and Niemann-Pick disease.

MnTBAP chloride (Mn(III)TBAP) 是一种具有细胞渗透性的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 模拟物和过氧亚硝酸盐清除剂，能使SOD-大肠杆菌的加倍时间减少了2倍。 MnTBAP chloride 通过上调 BMPR-II 和抑制 NFκB 信号传导展现抗炎作用。MnTBAP chloride 是一种锰卟啉配合物，具有抗氧化性能，具有用于研究慢性肾脏疾病 (CKDs) 纤维化反应的潜力。

DNA-PK-IN-2 is a highly effective inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which is a complex enzyme composed of Ku70 Ku80 heterodimer and DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). With its potential applications in cancer research, DNA-PK-IN-2 demonstrates promise as a valuable tool for studying cancer diseases [1].

ALK5-IN-7 是一种 ALK5 的有效抑制剂。转化生长因子 β (TGF-β) 是一种多功能细胞因子，能够利用细胞表面的复杂受体信号通路，通过自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌的方式参与调控细胞增殖、分化和凋亡。ALK5-IN-7 具有潜力进行 TGF-β 相关疾病和病症的研究（包括但不限于肿瘤、纤维化疾病、炎症性疾病、自身免疫性疾病等）。

ALK5-IN-6 是 ALK5 的有效抑制剂。 ALK5-IN-6 具有潜力进行 TGF-β 相关疾病和病症的研究，包括但不限于肿瘤、炎症性疾病、纤维化疾病、自身免疫性疾病等。其中转化生长因子 β (TGF-β) 是一种多功能细胞因子，通过细胞表面的复杂受体信号通路以自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌的方式参与调控细胞增殖、分化和凋亡。

Wnt signaling is required for direct multiple biological processes and also plays key roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. This protein binds as a homodimer to the cAMP-responsive element, an octameric palindrome. The protein is phosphorylated by several protein kinases, and induces transcription of genes in response to hormonal stimulation of the cAMP pathway. Via generating a transcriptionally active complex with β-catenin, CREB acts as a mediator of Wnt signaling.ICG-001 is an inhibitor of β-catenin CREB mediated transcription. The direct cellular target of ICG-001 is CREB. the inhibitory IC50of ICG-001 against β-catenin CREB mediated transcription was 3 μM. ICG-001 treatment at the concentration of 25 μM for 24h significantly increased caspase activity in both colon cancer cell lines SW480 and HCT116 cell lines but not in normal colonic epithelial cells CCD-841Co. In a cell growth inhibition assay, the IC50s of ICG-001 against SW480 and HCT116 cells were 4.43 μM and 5.95 μM, respectively.In a SW620 nude mouse xenograft model, an water-soluble analog of ICG-001 given at the dose of 150 mg kg i.v. once in every 2 days dramatically suppressed tumor growth. In a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice model, ICG-001 given at the dose of 5 mg kg per day reversed pulmonary fibrosis. In a rat myocardial infarction model, ICG-001 was administrated subcutaneously at the dose of 50 mg kg day for 10 days which significantly improved cardiac contractile function after myocardial infarction in the rats.

Ametoctradin 是一种线粒体呼吸复合物 III 的 Qo 位点抑制剂，是农业杀菌剂，可选择性抑制卵菌的细胞色素 bc（1） 复合物，可用于研究植物卵菌病害。

BMS-681 is an orthosteric antagonist of chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) that forms a ternary complex with CCR2 and its allosteric antagonist, CCR2-RA-[R]. Together, the complex inhibits chemokine binding with BVMS-681 in the orthosteric pocket and CCR2-RA-[R] in the intracellular allosteric G-protein binding site. When chemokine binding is inhibited, modulation responses implicated in several inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, neuropathic pain, diabetic nephropathy, and cancer can be controlled. This action occurs as the migration of monocytes, immature dendritic cells, and T-cell subpopulations towards endogenous CC chemokine ligands is mediated.

Leramistat是一种线粒体复合体I (NIC1)抑制剂，能够改变细胞代谢和减少人原代肺成纤维细胞增殖，用于治疗类风湿关节炎。

Glucosylsphingosine(Lyso-Gb1) 是一种天然存在的糖基神经酰胺, 是GBA (acid β-glucosidase）的代谢产物, 参与细胞识别、信号转导和细胞间相互作用。Glucopsychosine在某些神经退行性疾病（如 Gaucher病）中积累，通过激活哺乳动物雷帕霉素复合体1（mTORC1）来破坏溶酶体功能,也是一种非竞争性糖脑苷酶 (glucocerebrosidase) 抑制剂。

Ferric nitrilotriacetate（Fe-NTA）是铁与次氮基乙酸形成的络合物，是一种高活性的化合物，主要用于通过氧化应激（OS）诱导退行性疾病，可用于诱导急性肾损伤、肾细胞癌、肝癌、糖尿病等疾病模型的建立。

Trevogrumab(REGN-1033) 是一种全人源单克隆抗体，特异性靶向并抑制生长分化因子8（GDF8，亦称肌生长抑制素）的活性，GDF8是肌肉生长的负向调节因子。Trevogrumab 目前正被广泛研究用于肌少症，一种以持续性的、广泛性骨骼肌质量与功能丧失为特征的复杂病症。

DQP-997-74（compound 2i）是一种针对NMDAR的选择性抑制剂，GluN2C D的IC50分别为0.069 μM和0.035 μM，显示出良好的血脑屏障透过性。DQP为二氢喹啉-吡唑啉。该化合物能够在激动剂谷氨酸的作用下，表现出对高频兴奋性突触传递所驱动的超同步活动具有时间依赖性的增强抑制作用。在TSC诱导的癫痫小鼠模型中，DQP-997-74有效减少了发作次数，适用于NMDAR相关神经系统疾病的研究。