vesicular

Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate (Clastoban) 是一种选择性、高效的，可逆、Cl-竞争性的囊泡核苷酸转运体阻滞剂(IC50:15.6 nM)。是一种双膦酸盐，具有抗骨质疏松、抗炎作用，可用于缓解疼痛的研究。它可抑制神经元释放囊泡 ATP，缓解慢性神经病理性疼痛和炎症性疼痛。

Valbenazine (NBI-98854) 是一种高度选择性的囊泡单胺转运蛋白 2 (VMAT2) 抑制剂，Ki 为 110-190 nM，用于治疗迟发性运动障碍。

Evans blue (C.I. 23860) 是一种突触泡谷氨酸吸收的有效抑制剂，同时也是一种AMPA kainate 受体拮抗剂。

Diphyllin 是一种从Justicia procumbens 中分离的芳基萘木脂素，是HIV-1的有效抑制剂，IC50 为 0.38 μM。它是V-ATPase 抑制剂，IC50值为 17 nM，可抑制人破骨细胞中的溶酶体酸化。它抑制NO 产生，IC50值为 50 μM ，具有抗癌和抗炎活性。

Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) 是 VMAT 抑制剂，用作抗精神病药和治疗各种运动障碍。

Tetrabenazine Racemate (Rubigen) 是一种选择性和可逆的囊泡单胺转运蛋白 2(VMAT-2) 抑制剂。它阻断神经递质吸收到肾上腺素能储存囊泡中，并已被用作囊泡运输系统的高亲和力标记。

Trans (2,3)-Dihydrotetrabenazine is a Tetrabenazine metabolite, shows inhibition activity on vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2).

NSC305787 是一种 ezrin 抑制剂，具有抗肿瘤活性，抑制 PKCΙ 导致的 ezrin 磷酸化，可降低细胞膜中 β2AR 的表达，诱导细胞内 ezrin 和 β2AR 的囊泡状或点状表达，可用于研究胰腺癌。

(+)-Tetrabenazine ((3R,11bR)-Tetrabenazine) 是一种可逆的囊泡单胺转运蛋白2 (VMAT-2)抑制剂，对 VMAT2转运的抑制作用是VMAT1的10倍。

UNC0638 hydrate 作为一种化合物，主要通过选择性抑制G9a和GLP组蛋白甲基转移酶达到其生物活性，其半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为15 nM和19 nM。在体外实验中，此化合物有效抑制TNBC（三阴性乳腺癌）细胞的侵袭与迁移。同时，作为EHMT1 2的抑制剂，它能在人红细胞祖细胞的培养中诱导胎儿血红蛋白(HbF)的表达。此外，UNC0638 hydrate 对FMDV（口蹄疫病毒）和VSV（水疱性口炎病毒）均显示出抗病毒活性，展现了其在多种表观遗传和非表观遗传靶标上的高效力和选择性。

MED6-189，kalihinol的衍生物，有效破坏了恶性疟原虫 (P. falciparum，IC50< 50 nM) 的顶体功能及其囊泡运输。该化合物主要靶向顶体，这是一种存在于多数底端门 (Apicomplexa) 寄生虫中的非光合作用类叶绿体，对于类异戊二烯物质（如异戊烯）的合成具有关键作用。

5-Fluoro-L-tryptophan 是竞争性谷氨酸囊泡转运体 (VGLUT) 抑制剂，有潜力用于研究与神经递质系统相关的疾病。

Valbenazine tosylate, the tosylate salt of valbenazine, is a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor with a Ki value of 150 nM while displaying no significant binding to VAMT1(Ki<10 μM).

Vesamicol hydrochloride ((±)-AH5183 hydrochloride) ((±)-AH5183 hydrochloride) 是一种有效的囊泡乙酰胆碱转运 (vesicular acetylcholine transport) 抑制剂，Ki 为 2 nM。(±)-Vesamicol hydrochloride 也对 σ1 和 σ2 受体具有高亲和力，Ki 值分别为 26 nM 和 34 nM。

FFN 511 hydrochloride 是一种针对神经元囊泡单胺转运体 2 (VMA T2) 的荧光假神经递质 (FFNs)。FFN 511 hydrochloride 可抑制 5-羟色胺与含 VMA T2 的膜结合，可用于标记活体皮质-纹状体急性切片中的多巴胺能神经末梢。激发和发射最大值分别为 406 和 501 nm。

VMAT2-IN-I HCl is an inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter-2. It also has 15- fold greater affinity than GZ- 793A.

Lobelane Hydrochloride is a vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor.

FFN200 is a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) substrate that selectively traces monoamine exocytosis in both neuronal cell culture and brain tissue.

FFN246 is a fluorescent substrate for both the serotonin transporter and the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2).

1a,1b-dihomo Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid first identified in extracts of sheep vesicular gland microsomes, known to contain COX, incubated with adrenic acid . 1a,1b-dihomo PGE2 has also been identified in conditioned media of RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with endotoxin and arachidonic acid . This product is thought to be produced by elongation of AA to adrenic acid, which is then metabolized sequentially by COX and PGE synthase.

8(E),10(E),12(Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that has been found inC. officinalisseed oil and has anticancer activity.1,2,3It inhibits the growth of Caco-2 cells when used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 μM.28(E),10(E),12(Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid (10 μM) induces formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and apoptosis in DLD-1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.3It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis in sheep vesicular gland microsomes (IC50= 31 μM).4 1.Crombie, L., and Holloway, S.J.The biosynthesis of calendic acid, octadeca-(8E,10E, 12Z)-trienoic, acid, by developing marigold seeds: origins of (E,E,Z) and (Z,E,Z) conjugated triene acids in higher plantsJ. Chem. Soc. Perk. T. 12425-2434(1985) 2.Yasui, Y., Hosokawa, M., Kohno, H., et al.Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by all-trans-conjugated linolenic acids on human colon cancer cellsAnticancer Res.26(3A)1855-1860(2006) 3.Shinohara, N., Ito, J., Tsuduki, T., et al.Jacaric acid, a linolenic acid isomer with a conjugated triene system, reduces stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression in liver of miceJ. Oleo Sci.61(8)433-441(2012) 4.Nugteren, D.H., and Christ-Hazelhof, E.Naturally occurring conjugated octadecatrienoic acids are strong inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesisProstaglandins33(3)403-417(1987)

FFN270 hydrochloride, a fluorescent tracer for norepinephrine and vesicular monoamine transporters, features dual resolved absorption/excitation peaks that vary with solvent pH (FFN270 ex: 320 nm or 365 nm, em: 475 nm). It serves as a ratiometric fluorescent pH-sensor, highlighting its utility in monitoring norepinephrine.

Valbenazine dihydrochloride inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2); used to treat tardive dyskinesia.

Justicidin C 是一种抗病毒木脂素，对水泡性口炎病毒展现了较强的抗病毒活性，同时在兔肺细胞(RL-33)中显示较低的细胞毒性。