MMG-11 inhibits both TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 signaling (IC50s: 1.7 μM for Pam3CSK4-induced hTLR2/1 and 5.7 μM for Pam2CSK4-induced hTLR2/6 responses). MMG-11 is an effective and selective human TLR2 antagonist with low cytotoxicity.
a15:0-i15:0 PE 是一种包含两个支链的二酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺。这种化合物是非典型的TLR2-TLR1异二聚体激动剂,并具有免疫原性。它能够激活T细胞和DC的信号传导并表现出抗炎特性。此外,a15:0-i15:0 PE 能诱导TNFα和IL-6的产生,并且是A. muciniphila脂质膜的主要成分之一(约50%)。
Ganglioside GD1a is a sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipid found in brain, erythrocytes, bone marrow, testis, spleen, and liver. [1] It can be shed from the surface of tumor cells into the microenvironment where it influences tumor-host cell interactions to promote tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Ganglioside GD1a (20 μM) also increases endothelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, ganglioside GD1a has been shown to act as a functional coreceptor for toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), enabling the recruitment of TLR2 to lipid rafts when bound by a bacterial toxin.[2] Ganglioside GD1a mixture contains ganglioside GD1a molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.
SMU127 is an agonist of the toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) heterodimer.1It induces NF-κB signaling in cells expressing human TLR2 (EC50= 0.55 μM) but not cells expressing human TLR3, -4, -5, -7, or -8 when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 μM. SMU127 induces the production of TNF-α in isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when used at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 μM.In vivo, SMU127 (0.1 mg/animal) reduces tumor volume in a 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model.
1.Chen, Z., Cen, X., Yang, J., et al.Structure-based discovery of a specific TLR1-TLR2 small molecule agonist from the ZINC drug library databaseChem. Commun. (Camb.)54(81)11411-11414(2018)
FSL-1 TFA, a bacterial-derived toll-like receptor 2/6 (TLR2/6) agonist, enhances resistance to experimental HSV-2 infection[1]. FSL-1 TFA induces MMP-9 production through TLR2 and NF-κB/AP-1 signaling pathways in monocytic THP-1 cells[2].
FSL-1 significantly reduces HSV-2 replication in human vaginal epithelial cells (EC)[1].FSL-1 induces significant resistance to experimental genital HSV-2 infection through elaboration of a specific cytokine response profile[1].FSL-1 (50 ng/mL, 24 hours) induces MMP-9 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in human monocytic THP-1 cells[2].FSL-1 activates the MAP kinase/NF-κB signaling pathway[2]. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Line: V11I, V12I or V19I immortalized human vaginal EC
FSL-1 application significantly protectes against genital HSV-2 challenge in mice[1]. Animal Model: Female Swiss-Webster mice (weighing 20-25 g)[1]
[1]. William A Rose 2nd, et al. FSL-1, a bacterial-derived toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist, enhances resistance to experimental HSV-2 infection. Virol J. 2009 Nov 10;6:195. [2]. Cathryn J Kurkjian,et al. The Toll-Like Receptor 2/6 Agonist, FSL-1 Lipopeptide, Therapeutically Mitigates Acute Radiation Syndrome. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 11;7(1):17355.