MMG-11 inhibits both TLR2 1 and TLR2 6 signaling (IC50s: 1.7 μM for Pam3CSK4-induced hTLR2 1 and 5.7 μM for Pam2CSK4-induced hTLR2 6 responses). MMG-11 is an effective and selective human TLR2 antagonist with low cytotoxicity.
D-Mannuronic Acid is a blocker of the TLR2 and TLR4 downstream signaling pathway. D-Mannuronic Acid effectively inhibits mRNA expression of MyD88 and p65, major subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB.