This novel compound is an orally bioavailable antagonist of P2X3 P2X2 3 receptors, exhibiting potent activity with a pIC50 of 8 in both human and rat, and a pIC50 of 7.3 specifically for the human P2X2 3 receptor. It demonstrates high brain penetration, evidenced by a brain to plasma ratio of 6, and effectively blocks agonist-evoked intracellular Ca2+ flux and inward currents within the nanomolar range (10 nM to 1 µM) in cell lines that express human P2X3 and P2X2 3 receptors recombinantly. The compound also shows favorable pharmacokinetic properties, with a half-life (t1 2) of 1.63 hours and a time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) of 30 minutes.
AGR-540 is a prodrug of AGR-529. AGR-540 has been shown to return plasma triglyceride concentrations to normal levels in mouse models. This effect may be attributed to an interaction of the molecule with A1 purinergic receptors of adipose tissue.
Clopidogrel is an antithrombic compound whose active metabolite is a selective, irreversible antagonist of the platelet purinergic P2Y12 receptor (IC50 = 100 nM). Clopidogrel inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo and functions as a prodrug whereupon biotransformation to its active metabolite via CYP2C19 in the liver enables its anti-aggregating activity. Marketed under the name Plavix , clopidogrel in combination with aspirin has been shown to be beneficial in the prevention of vascular ischemic events for patients without deficiencies in CYP2C19-related metabolism.
ITH15004 is a non-nucleotide antagonist of the purinergic P2X7receptor (IC50= 9 μM in HEK293 cells expressing the human receptor).1It inhibits ATP-induced currents inX. laevisoocytes expressing the human P2X7receptor when used at a concentration of 100 μM. ITH15004 (1 μM) decreases IL-1β release from LPS-primed, ATP-stimulated isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages. It has high permeability in a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). 1.Calzaferri, F., Narros-Fernández, P., de Pascual, R., et al.Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel non-nucleotide purine derivatives as P2X7 antagonists for the treatment of neuroinflammationJ. Med. Chem.64(4)2272-2290(2021)