human cardiac

Mavacamten (MYK-461) 是一种可口服的心肌肌球蛋白 ATP 酶抑制剂，在牛心脏和人心脏中的IC50值分别为 490和711 nM。

Danicamtiv (MYK-491) 是一种正性肌力药物，也是一种心肌肌球蛋白的选择性变构激活剂，可增加心脏收缩功能并保持机械效率。

Human cardiac troponin (mixture) (cTn) 是一种调节蛋白，位于收缩蛋白的细肌丝上，对肌肉组织的收缩与舒张发挥重要的调控作用。

MIV-247 是一种具有选择性和高效性的 cathepsin S 抑制剂（人、小鼠和野猴 cathepsin S 的 Kis 分别为 2.1、4.2 和 7.5 nM），可减轻临床前神经性疼痛模型中的机械性异常性疼痛，可用于研究心肌损伤。

GS-6201 (CVT-6883) 是选择性腺苷 A2B 受体拮抗剂。它对人腺苷 A2B 受体具有高亲和力和选择性 (Ki=22 nM)。它降低了小鼠急性心肌梗死后心脏中 caspase-1 的活性，并减弱了心脏重塑。它减弱了致敏小鼠 NECA，AMP 或变应原诱导的气道反应性。

Halofantrine hydrochloride(SKF-102886)是一种可口服的抗疟疾药，对耐药的P. falciparum和P. vivax有效。SKF-102886具有心脏毒性，能够抑制hERG和延迟整流钾通道I Kr，导致QTc和PR间期延长。

ALK5-IN-82 是一种激活素受体样激酶 5 (ALK5) 的高选择性抑制剂，其IC50值仅为 9.1 nM。该化合物能够有效抑制转化生长因子-β 在人脐静脉内皮细胞中诱导的 α-平滑肌肌动蛋白 (α-SMA)、胶原蛋白 I 以及金属蛋白酶抑制剂 1 (TIMP-1) 和基质金属蛋白酶 13 (MMP‐13) 的表达。因此，ALK5-IN-82 有潜力应用于心脏纤维化的相关研究。

Pyrocatechol sulfate 是一种在人体血浆中发现的酚类代谢物，与摄入浆果等特定食物及肠道菌群状态有关。该化合物可能用作监测肾功能、透析清除率、全谷物与常规咖啡的摄入量的尿液生物标记。同时，Pyrocatechol sulfate 与其他酚类硫酸盐共同参与调节多种生物学功能，这些功能涉及大脑健康与心肌细胞的节律性跳动。

Adekalant（又名H 345/52）是一种新型抗心律失常化合物，具有低促心律失常活性。该化合物浓度依赖性地阻断HERG携带的电流，其半抑制浓度（IC50）为230 nM。Adekalant优先与开放状态的通道结合，并显示出异常快的动力学特性，通道关闭时被捕获。在方波脉冲和动作电位夹持协议期间观察到Adekalant的电压独立行为。研究提出，通过阻断I(Kr)来延迟人类心肌的复极是Adekalant发挥作用的主要机制。Adekalant高效阻断I(Kr)，相对较低效地阻断I(Ca)，且能延迟心室复极，而不会显著增加时间或空间的离散度，也不诱发早期后除极或TdP。

Uridine triphosphate (UTP) 是一种潜在用于治疗肺癌的嘌呤核苷酸P2U受体激动剂。它通过激活P2Y2受体增加人类癌变胰管上皮细胞的增殖。此外，Uridine triphosphate (UTP) 通过激活P2Y2受体，在心脏成纤维细胞中诱导纤维化反应。同时，UTP通过P2Y2嘌呤受体延长豚鼠乳头肌的动作电位时长。

KY02111 是典型的 WNT 信号抑制剂，能够促进人多潜能干细胞向心肌细胞分化，可用于研究人类心肌细胞再生。

Urotensin-II receptor antagonist-1 (compound 1) 是一种选择性拮抗人类Urotensin II受体的化合物，具低口服生物利用度 (F=0-3%，大鼠)，在表达人重组 UT 受体的 HEK293 细胞中测试Ki为16 nM。Urotensin-II receptor antagonist-1 能抑制细胞色素 P450 (IC50=0.75 μM，CYP2D6；1.4 μM，CYP3A4)，还能够抑制 κ 阿片受体 (EC50=3.2 μM)，并以Ki=2.5 μM对心脏钠通道产生作用。

Norquetiapine (N-Desalkylquetiapine) 是 Quetiapine 的代谢产物，作为选择性 HCN1 通道抑制剂，其 IC50 为 13.9 μM。它选择性地抑制去甲肾上腺素的再摄取，是 5-HT1A 受体的部分激动剂 (Ki = 45 nM)，并且表现为前突触 α2 (Ki = 237 nM)、5-HT2C (Ki = 107 nM) 和 5-HT7 (Ki = 76 nM) 受体的拮抗剂。Norquetiapine 还能以状态依赖的方式阻断人体心脏钠通道 Nav1.5，且在 LPS 注射的 C57BL/6 小鼠中显示出一定的抗炎效果。该化合物可用于抑郁症和炎症的研究。

Crebanine 是来自于韦诺萨千金藤的一种生物碱，通过抑制 MAPKs 和 Akt 信号通路表现出抗炎活性，还具有抗心律失常的作用。它可诱导人类癌细胞的 G1阻滞和凋亡。

Epothilone F is a derivative or analogue of Epothilone D. Epothilone F is also an active metabolite of Epothilone D. In molecule of Epothilone F, a hydroxymethyl group is on the thiazole ring. Like taxanes, Epothilone F prevents cancer cells from dividing

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) (3-36) is a C-terminal fragment of NPY, a neuropeptide involved in controlling appetite, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion. NPY (3-36) is an endogenous peptide produced by cleavage of NPY by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). It binds selectively to the NPY receptor Y2 (Ki = 0.41 nM in CHP 234 cells) over the Y1 receptor, where it does not bind at concentrations up to 1 μM. NPY (3-36) (0.1 nM) increases migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by 80% after 12 hours in an in vitro wound closure assay. NPY (3-36) corresponds to residues 3-36 of the human and rat protein sequence.

N-Desbutyl dronedarone is an active metabolite of the antiarrhythmic agent dronedarone .1,2,3It is formed from dronedarone by cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in human hepatocyte preparations.4N-Desbutyl dronedarone inhibits the binding of 3,3’,5-triiodo-L-thyronine to the thyroid hormone receptors TRα1and TRβ1(IC50s = 59 and 280 μM for the chicken and human receptors, respectively).1It inhibits CYP2J2-mediated formation of 14,15-EET from arachidonic acid and soluble epoxide hydrolase-mediated formation of 14,15-DHET from 14,15-EET (IC50s = 1.59 and 2.73 μM, respectively, in cell-free assays).2N-Desbutyl dronedarone decreases intracellular ATP levels in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes (IC50= 1.07 μM) and inhibits mitochondrial complex I, also known as NADH dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate dehydrogenase, activities in isolated rat heart mitochondria (IC50s = 11.94 and 24.54 μM, respectively).3 1.Van Beeren, H.C., Jong, W.M.C., Kaptein, E., et al.Dronerarone acts as a selective inhibitor of 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine binding to thyroid hormone receptor-α1: in vitro and in vivo evidenceEndocrinology144(2)552-558(2003) 2.Karkhanis, A., Tram, N.D.T., and Chan, E.C.Y.Effects of dronedarone, amiodarone and their active metabolites on sequential metabolism of arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acidsBiochem. Pharmacol.146188-198(2017) 3.Karkhanis, A., Leow, J.W.H., Hagen, T., et al.Dronedarone-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and its mitigation by epoxyeicosatrienoic acidsToxicol. Sci.163(1)79-91(2018) 4.Klieber, S., Arabeyre-Fabre, C., Moliner, P., et al.Identification of metabolic pathways and enzyme systems involved in the in vitro human hepatic metabolism of dronedarone, a potent new oral antiarrhythmic drugPharmacol. Res. Perspec.2(3)e00044(2014)

(R)-Fadrozole ((R)-CGS 16949A; FAD286) is a potent nonsteroidal inhibitor. (R)-Fadrozole also inhibits human placental aromatase (pIC 50 = 6.17) and aldosterone biosynthesis. (R)-Fadrozole reverses cardiac fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats..

TM5441 是口服生物可利用的纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1 抑制剂，抑制多个癌症细胞系的 IC50值在 13.9 到 51.1 μM。它诱导几种人类癌症细胞的内在调亡，减弱 Nω-硝基-1-精氨酸甲酯诱导的心脏高血压和血管衰老。

(Rac)-Indoximod (1-Methyl-DL-tryptophan) is a potent inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Combined treatment with IFN-γ and (Rac)-Indoximod significantly suppresses the activity of α-SMA-expressing human cardiac myofibroblasts (hCMs) and promotes apoptosis by up-regulating the genes IRF-1, Fas, and FasL. Moreover, this co-treatment effectively improves cardiac fibrosis[1].

JB062是一种针对非肌肉肌球蛋白(nonmusclemyosin)的抑制剂，其IC50值对骨骼肌肌球蛋白为1.6μM、心肌肌球蛋白为5.4μM，而对平滑肌肌球蛋白II大于100μM。此化合物对人类癌细胞显示出细胞毒性，对正常细胞则无此作用。JB062在肌肉痉挛、慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛及肥厚型心肌病研究中有潜在应用价值。

Angiotensin II 是一种主要的生物活性血管收缩肽，通过与AT1R和AT2R受体结合，调节血压，刺激交感神经，促进醛固酮合成和肾脏功能。它还能诱导血管平滑肌细胞增生、胶原合成增加，导致血管和心肌增厚及纤维化，同时促进细胞凋亡和内皮细胞毛细血管形成。Angiotensin II常用于诱导高血压和心脏肥大动物模型。

Eleclazine(GS-6615)是一种新型和选择性的电压门控钠离子通道抑制剂，具有抗心律失常的作用，减少对人诱导多能干细胞来源的心肌细胞记录的峰值钠电流。

Gliclazide-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of gliclazide by GC- or LC-MS. Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea and an inhibitor of pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. It is selective for pancreatic β-cell over cardiac and arterial smooth muscle cell KATP channels. Gliclazide (5 μM) increases insulin-induced glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane in a differentiated 3T3L1 adipocyte model of insulin resistance induced by hydrogen peroxide. Gliclazide (5 and 10 μg/ml) reduces LDL oxidation by human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), decreasing TBARS content and 8-isoprostane levels. It also decreases oxidized LDL-induced HASMC proliferation and monocyte adhesion when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg/ml. Gliclazide (5 mg/kg) reduces serum glucose levels and increases glucose uptake by isolated rat hindquarters in a model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ).