Warfarin (Coumafene) 是一种维生素 K 拮抗剂,它通过阻断维生素 K 的作用而起作用,维生素 K 是肝脏中凝血因子合成所必需的。Warfarin 通过抑制γ -谷氨酰羧化酶来阻断维生素 K 的作用,γ -谷氨酰羧化酶负责凝血因子中谷氨酸残基的羧化。这阻止了功能性凝血因子的产生,从而产生抗凝作用。
Menaquinone 9 (MK-9) is a vitamin K2 analog that has been found in various bacteria, including E. coli. MK-9 is UV-sensitive and binds to soluble nitrate reductase, a component of the bacterial electron transport chain. In vivo, MK-9 increases plasma prothrombin concentration in vitamin K-deficient rats.