PPM-18 (NSC 73233) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits the expression of nitric oxide synthase, and also acts as an effective inhibitor of iNOS expression by blocking the binding of NF-κB to the promoter⁽¹⁾. As a vitamin K analog, this compound can also induce autophagy and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells through the ROS and AMPK signaling pathways⁽²⁾.