In addition to its role in the Krebs cycle, α-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) has roles as a substrate or modulator of enzymes. 5-Octyl-α-ketoglutarate, also known as α-ketoglutarate octyl ester, is a stable, cell-permeable molecule that generates free α-ketoglutarate upon hydrolysis of the ester bond by cytoplasmic esterases. It is used in experiments to increase levels of intracellular α-ketoglutarate. 5-Octyl-α-ketoglutarate has been shown to modulate a variety of enzymes and signaling pathways, particularly in the context of glycolysis, hypoxia, and cancer.
4-methyl-2-Oxovalerate sodium salt 是亮氨酸经转氨酶催化生成的产物,能够促进胰岛素分泌。4-methyl-2-Oxovalerate sodium salt 可被氧化分解为乙酰辅酶 A 与乙酰乙酸,也可通过与谷氨酸发生转氨反应重新生成亮氨酸,同时产生 α- 酮戊二酸。