l carnitine

L-Carnitine tartrate is a Carnitine/ Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used to treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.

[(3R)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl]-L-carnitine is an endogenous metabolite[1]. [1]. Hunter WG, et al. Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Novel Circulating Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Differentially Elevated in Heart Failure With Preserved Versus Reduced Ejection Fraction: Evidence for Shared Metabolic Impairments in Clinical Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(8):e003190. Published 2016 Jul 29.

L-Carnitine (L(-)-Carnitine) 是一种人内源性分子，在人体内以蛋氨酸和赖氨酸为底物进行生物合成，并参与脂肪酸代谢。L-Carnitine 将长链脂肪酰辅酶A 转运到线粒体。L-Carnitine 能够改善许多先天性代谢错误的代谢失衡。

L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride) 是一种高极性的双离子小分子，是线粒体 β-氧化的重要辅因子。L-Carnitine hydrochloride 促进长链脂酰辅酶 A 转运至线粒体以进行 β-氧化降解，辅助细胞能量代谢。L-Carnitine hydrochloride 还具有抗氧化活性，可缓解多种先天性代谢异常引起的代谢失衡，是代谢研究中的重要工具化合物。

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is a member of the class of compounds known as acylcarnitines. Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is a product of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases.

Decanoyl-L-carnitine ((-)-Decanoylcarnitine) 是左旋肉碱衍生物，促进饱和脂肪酸代谢物的形成。

Eicosapentaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride 是由 Eicosapentaenoic Acid 和 L-Carnitine 构成的一种长链酰基肉碱。在失焦透镜导致的近视小鼠模型中，喂食富含 n-3/n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFAs) 的小鼠，其眼部的 Eicosapentaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride 水平有所上升。

Tigloyl-L-carnitine (chloride) 是一种短链酰基肉碱，由顺丁烯二酸和 L-肉碱组成。在某些黑色素瘤异种移植小鼠模型中，这种化合物在血浆中的含量会增加，可用于黑色素瘤研究。

Linoleoyl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring long-chain acylcarnitine. Hepatic levels of linoleoyl-L-carnitine are increased following high-dose (200 mg/kg) administration of isoniazid in mice.

Isovaleryl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring acylcarnitine that is formed via metabolic conversion of L-leucine. It increases survival and decreases apoptosis in hepatocyte growth factor-deprived murine C2.8 hepatocytes when used at a concentration of 1 mM. Isovaleryl-L-carnitine inhibits amino acid deprivation-induced proteolysis and autophagy in isolated perfused rat liver when used at concentrations of 77 and 100 μM, respectively. Increased levels of isovaleryl carnitine are associated with isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (isovaleric acidemia).

Decanoyl-L-carnitine is an ester derivative of L-carnitine . It increases the formation of C24 fatty acid intermediates, as well as docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in rat hepatocytes.

Arachidonoyl-L-carnitine chloride是一种内源性代谢物和酰基肉碱，广泛应用于生物化学实验和代谢紊乱研究。

Butyryl-L-carnitine is a butyrate ester of carnitine. It is an inhibitor of intestinal transporters, blocking carnitine uptake by the carnitine transporter and glycine transport by the amino acid transporter in human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells (IC50s = 1.5 μM and 4.6 mM, respectively).

trans-2-Hexadecenoyl-L-carnitine is an endogenous metabolite in urine[1]. [1]. Pengxiang She, et al. Leucine and protein metabolism in obese Zucker rats. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59443.

trans-2-Octenoyl-L-carnitine is a synthetic carnitine.1It has been used as a standard for the detection of carnitines in human urine. 1.Yang, S., Minkler, P., and Hoppel, C.cis-3,4-methylene-heptanoylcarnitine: Characterization and verification of the C8:1 acylcarnitine in human urineJ. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci.857(2)251-258(2007)

Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride（Acylcarnitine C18:0） 是一种存在于小脑中的长链酰基肉碱，抑制 GlyT2 ，是研究脂代谢的重要组成部分。

Heptanoyl-L-carnitine is a medium-chain acylcarnitine and derivative of L-carnitine .

Hexanoyl-L-carnitine is a medium-chain acylcarnitine. It has been used in the synthesis of acylcarnitine benzyl esters.1 1.Gong, X.-w., Li, J.-p., Wu, J.-f., et al.Synthesis of carnitine benzyl esters as prodrugsJ. Chem. Res.2008(6)327-330(2008)

Valeryl-L-carnitine is a short-chain acylcarnitine and a derivative of L-carnitine . Valeryl-L-carnitine levels increase in the serum of rhesus monkeys following exposure to 7 and 10 Gray units (Gy) of ionizing radiation.[1]

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride 是 DDI 评估的潜在临床 OCT1 生物标志物，可用于研究心力衰竭。

Oleoyl-L-carnitine是一种长链酰基肉碱，也是一种糖苷转运体2（GlyT2；IC50 = 340 nM）的抑制剂，对GlyT2比对GlyT1（IC50 = >10,000 nM）具有选择性。慢性肾脏病或接受初始血液透析的终末期肾脏病患者的血浆中Oleoyl-L-carnitine水平增高，这与心血管死亡率相关。

Palmitoyl L-Carnitine-d3 Hydrochloride 是 Palmitoyl L-Carnitine Hydrochloride 的氘代化合物。Palmitoyl L-Carnitine Hydrochloride 的 CAS 号为 18877-64-0。L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride (Palmitoyl-L-carnitine chloride)是一种脂肪酸代谢产物，具有抗血栓形成的作用，通过抵消tMCAO模型中的脑内血栓形成来保护小鼠免受缺血性中风。L-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride抑制心脏中的Na/K泵，抑制 FeCl 3诱导的动脉血栓形成，减轻了短暂性大脑中动脉闭塞（tMCAO）小鼠模型的脑内血栓形成和炎症。

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine-d3 (chloride) 是 Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride 的氘代形式，为酰基辅酶 A 脱氢酶所生成的产物。

Decanoyl-L-carnitine (Standard) 是一种可用于分析的标准物质，通常用作 Decanoyl-L-carnitine 的研究和分析中参考的标准样品。Decanoyl-L-carnitine ((-)-Decanoylcarnitine) 是左旋肉碱衍生物，促进饱和脂肪酸代谢物的形成。