Pizotifen exhibits a diverse range of bioactivities and pharmacological properties. It has been assessed for binding energy, showing a binding energy of 13.0 kCal mol-1 calculated using the equation deltaG obsd = -RT ln KD. This indicates its strong binding affinity to target molecules, providing insights into its potential bioactivities and interactions.
In mouse models, Pizotifen demonstrates antagonism towards 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) when administered subcutaneously in doses ranging from 0.003 to 0.1 mg/kg, with an ED50 of 0.015 mg/kg after 0.5 hours.
It has shown significant results in assays including modulation of Lamin A splicing, inhibition of IMPase, and potentiation by Lithium. It also inhibits malarial parasite plastid, Schwann cell viability, human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1, Plasmodium falciparum proliferation, and viral entry for Lassa, Marburg, and Ebola viruses. Notably, it has been identified for its gametocytocidal activity.
No hepatic side effects have been detected based on the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps), with all scores reported as 0.0 for various liver conditions, indicating minimal to no liver toxicity.
Pizotifen exhibits high binding affinity towards muscarinic M1, dopamine D2, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT2B receptors (Ki values: 1.4 to 2.4 nM) and moderate affinity towards adrenergic alpha1 and 5-HT2A receptors (Ki values: 75.0 nM and 7.5 nM, respectively). It also displaces radiolabeled ligands from human 5-HT7 and 5-HT2B receptors, suggesting potent interactions with multiple neurotransmitter receptors.
While it shows moderate cholestatic liver toxicity and low-frequency acute liver toxicity, it has not been predominantly associated with severe hepatic conditions like cytolytic toxicity, hepatitis, cirrhosis, or tumors.
Regarding anti-parasitic and cytotoxic activities, Pizotifen has varying IC50 values across different assays, indicating potential utility against malaria, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), Chagas disease, Leishmaniasis, and cytotoxicity in various cell types.
For antiviral activity, it has an IC50 greater than 20,000.0 nM against SARS-CoV-2 in VERO-6 cells, implying a requirement for high concentrations for effective results.
Additionally, it inhibits human HDAC6 enzyme activity, with slight inhibitory increase and a particular profile of inhibition when tested with custom versus commercial peptide substrates.
Lastly, Pizotifen shows antagonist activity at human HRH1 (AC50 = 68.1 nM) and inhibits human KCNH2 (AC50 = 2307.0 nM), along with various actions at HRH2, ADRB2, HTR2A, HTR1A, ADRA1A, CNR1, and GABRA1 receptors, indicating a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects..
Note: Summary generated by AI. Data source: ChEMBL 