HT-2 Toxin-13C22 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of HT-2 toxin by GC- or LC-MS. HT-2 toxin is a type A trichothecene mycotoxin and an active,deacetylated metabolite of the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin .1,2Like T-2 toxin,HT-2 toxin inhibits protein synthesis and cell proliferation in plants.2HT-2 toxin also reduces viability of HepG2,A549,HEp-2,Caco-2,A-204,U937,Jurkat,and RPMI-8226 cancer cells with IC50values ranging from 3.1 to 23 ng/ml and human umbilical vein endothelial cells with an IC50value of 56.4 ng/ml.1It induces oxidative stress,DNA damage,and autophagy in,as well as halts the development of,cultured mouse embryos when used at a concentration of 10 nM.3HT-2 toxin has been found in cereal grains and food products.4,5
1-β-D-Glucosylsphingadienine is a glucosylsphingosine, which are deacetylated lysolipid derivatives of glucosylcerebrosides . They are formed when sphingosines undergo glucosidation by UDP-glucose. Glucosylsphingosines completely reduce neurite outgrowth and induce death of LA-N-2 cells at concentrations of 10 and 50 μM, respectively. They also decrease the activity of glucocerebrosidase in LA-N-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Glucosylsphingosine levels are elevated in patients with Gaucher's disease, both in the spleen (in types 1, 2, and 3) and brain (type 2 and 3); thus, glucosylsphingosine has been used as a key biomarker of the disease. This product contains 1-β-D-glucosylsphingadienine isolated from plants.