SYM 2081 exhibits potent binding affinity for human ionotropic glutamate receptors kainate 1 (GluR5) and kainate 2 (GluR6) with Ki values of 3.0 nM and 10.0 nM, respectively. It demonstrates high selectivity towards GluR6 over GluR5, with a selectivity ratio of 3.3. It also shows significant inhibition of [3H]kainate binding to cortical membranes with an IC50 of 35.0 nM, while displaying negligible interaction with AMPA or NMDA receptors at concentrations higher than 7.0 nM. Additionally, SYM 2081 exhibits antagonist activity at GluR6, with an IC50 value of 4000.0 nM for the inhibition of glutamate-induced Ca2+ influx in HEK cells.
In terms of metabotropic receptors, the compound shows a lower EC50 ratio against metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 compared to glutamate (4.6), and a higher EC50 ratio against metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (23.0), indicating potential modulation of these receptors. Furthermore, it shows specific binding affinity to EAAT1, EAAT2, and EAAT3 transporters in HEK293 cells.
SYM 2081 also demonstrates agonist activity in Xenopus oocytes, exhibiting high efficacy at GluK1(Q)1b mutant, moderate efficacy at GluK2 and GluK3 mutants, with varying EC50 values. In antiviral assays, it shows modest inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytotoxicity in Caco-2 and VERO-6 cells and inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 3CL-Pro protease by 18.64% at 20µM. Additionally, the compound inhibits human HDAC6, showing 40.16% inhibition with a commercial peptide substrate.
Lastly, SYM 2081 affects cell viability in different cell lines, with varied impacts observed in HEK293T, U2OS, and human fibroblast cells, indicating a complex bioactivity profile across different cellular contexts..
Note: Summary generated by AI. Data source: ChEMBL 