substances

4′-methylacetophenone 是一种香料，普遍存在于食品中的挥发性化合物和某些天然复合物中。

Nardosinone 是一个 dbcAMP 和 staurosporine 的神经生成作用增强剂，分离自Nardostachys chinensis 中。Nardosinone 可能成为一种有用的药理学工具，不仅可用于研究神经生长因子 (NGF) 的作用机理，而且可用于研究神经毒性物质的作用机理。

Cortodoxone (11-Desoxycortisol) 是糖皮质类固醇激素，能够氧化为皮质醇。

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) 是动物胆汁酸的主要生物活性物质之一，可诱导细胞凋亡，具有明显的抗炎和免疫调节作用。

5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) 是 甲氧基肾上腺素或5-羟色胺的主要代谢产物，被用作神经内分泌肿瘤的生物标志物。它是血清素的分解产物，能够从尿液中排出。

D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) (D-(-)-Ribose) 是 ATP 的糖部分，可作为能量增强剂，被广泛用作慢性疲劳综合症和心肌能量代谢的代谢疗法补充剂。它在蛋白质糖化中具有特性，能够 RAGE 依赖的方式诱导 NF-Κb 炎症。

D-Glucuronic acid sodium salt monohydrate (Sodium D-glucuronate) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

2-Methylbutyraldehyde (2-Ethylpropanal) 属于短链醛类化合物，白术饮片中的焦香味物质之一。

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium taurochenodeoxycholate) 是动物胆汁酸的主要生物活性物质之一。它可诱导细胞凋亡，具有抗炎和免疫调节作用。

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) (PGD2) 是哺乳动物大脑中主要产生的前列腺素之一，为最有效的内源性睡眠促进剂之一，并通过抑制炎症发挥保护作用。

D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate is a common precursor of heptaic acid (group III) and the heptasaccharide of hygromycin B (group IV). This compound can be converted to NDP-heptose via similar biosynthetic pathways present in these substances.

2-Ethyl-p-xylene是一种有机化合物，属于对二甲苯类物质，即苯环核心结构在1位和4位带有两个甲基的芳香族化合物。2-Ethyl-p-xylene进一步被一个乙基取代，形成一种预测为电中性的分子结构。

Artemisitene 是青蒿素的氧化形式，是一种抗疟药。青蒿素前体是青蒿素生物合成的重要基础物质，包括青蒿素 B、青蒿素、青蒿酸等。

Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive (MICs = 5-160 µg/ml) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 136-200 µg/ml), as well as yeasts (MICs = 10-20 µg/ml).1Ajoene is cytotoxic to mouse melanoma cells (IC50= 18 µM), as well as human colon, lung, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 7-41 µM).2It reduces tumor growth in a B16/BL6 mouse model of melanoma when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg every other day and decreases the number of lung metastases when administered prior to tumor cell inoculation at doses ranging from 1-25 mg/kg. It inhibits ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in isolated baboon platelets when used at concentrations ranging from 75 to 150 µg/ml and in platelet-rich plasma isolated from baboons when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg.3Ajoene (25 mg/kg) prevents thrombus formation on damaged arterial walls in heparinized pigs in anin situmodel of thrombogenesis.5It also reduces high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, histopathological markers of liver damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and protein oxidation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 1.Naganawa, R., Iwata, N., Ishikawa, K., et al.Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlicAppl. Environ. Microbiol.62(11)4238-4242(1996) 2.Taylor, P., Noriega, R., Farah, C., et al.Ajoene inhibits both primary tumor growth and metastasis of B16/BL6 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 miceCancer Lett.239(2)298-304(2006) 3.Teranishi, K., Apitz-Castro, R., Robson, S.C., et al.Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoeneXenotransplantation10(4)374-379(2003) 4.Han, C.Y., Ki, S.H., Kim, Y.W., et al.Ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, inhibits high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through LKB1-dependent AMPK activationAntioxid. Redox Signal.14(2)187-202(2011) 5.Apitz-Castro, R., Badimon, J.J., and Badimon, L.A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental modelThromb. Res.75(3)243-249(1994)

Limocitrin 3-β-D-glucose is a flavonoid glycoside.

Ophiopogonin C' pharmacological activities may be related to the substances in nucleus mainly.

Trans-​2-​Hexenal (trans-2-Hexenal) 是α,β-不饱和羰基化合物，可保护植物免受有害物质的侵害。

Norbixin是一种在B. orellana中发现的类胡萝卜素，具有多样的生物活性。在无细胞测试中，它与过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (PPARγ)结合（Ki = 1.15 µM）。在心脑血管代谢综合征大鼠模型中，Norbixin (47.7 mg/kg) 能够减轻高血糖、高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抗性，降低血清脂质水平及心脏中硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质（TBARS）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）的水平。在胆固醇诱导的动脉粥样硬化兔模型中，它降低氧化型LDL和主动脉蛋白氧化水平，并减少动脉粥样硬化面积。Norbixin（每天0.1和1 mg/kg）减少汞诱导的大鼠肝细胞和白细胞DNA损伤。此外，它还能预防与年龄相关的黄斑变性（AMD）Abca4-/- Rdh8-/-小鼠模型中的光感受器退化。

beta-Sitosterol acetate 是几种被称为植物甾醇的植物性物质之一。

D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) (Standard) 是 D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) (D-(-)-Ribose) 是 ATP 的糖部分，可作为能量增强剂，被广泛用作慢性疲劳综合症和心肌能量代谢的代谢疗法补充剂。它在蛋白质糖化中具有特性，能够 RAGE 依赖的方式诱导 NF-Κb 炎症。

Tetranor-PGDM lactone (Tetranor-prostaglandin D metabolite lactone) 是 PGD2 的尿液代谢产物。前列腺素 D2 (PGD2) 是最有效的内源性促进睡眠物质之一，且通过抑制炎症提供保护作用。

The major peak of 2-Carboxybenzaldehyde reductase activity in human liver co-purifies with hAFAR protein. Sulphydryl substances and some proteins play important roles in preserving the molecular and catalytic properties of 2-Carboxybenzaldehyde reductase.

Cannabielsoin, a phytocannabinoid metabolite, is an analytical reference standard primarily classified for its role as a metabolite of cannabidiol (CBD). Designed for research and forensic applications, it serves as a crucial compound in the study of cannabinoid substances.

Goodyeroside A(斑叶兰苷 A)是一种天然的糖苷，可以抑制由四氯化碳等物质引起的肝损伤，还能够通过抑制NF-κB信号通路有效抑制炎症。