osteoblasts

Wnt β-catenin agonist 3是一种Wnt beta-catenin 信号通路激动剂。

GSA-10是新型的喹啉甲酰胺衍生物，有效激动平滑受体剂，EC50为 1.2 μM。它作用于Smo，促进多能间充质干细胞分化为成骨细胞。它介导 Hedgehog 信号传导，这可能对癌症疾病的再生医学具有研究意义。

Necrostatin-7 (Necrostatin 7) 是一种坏死性凋亡抑制剂，具有心脏保护作用，可抑制 RANK-NFATc1 信号传导并减弱巨噬细胞向破骨细胞的分化。

N-Oleoyl-L-Serine (N-Oleoylserine) 是一种内源性的长链脂肪酸酰胺，是骨重塑的脂质调节剂，并刺激破骨细胞凋亡可用于研究骨质疏松症。 N-Oleoyl-L-Serine 在成骨细胞增殖试验中显示出较高的活性。N-Oleoyl-L-Serine 通过抑制骨髓基质细胞和成骨细胞中 Erk1 2 磷酸化和核 κB 配体 （RANKL） 受体激活剂的表达来促进破骨细胞凋亡，从而减轻破骨细胞的数量。

Sodium etidronate (Didronel) 是一种内源性 pyrophosphate 的合成治疗性 diphosphonate 类似物。作为称为 bisphosphonates 盐类药物家族的一员，etidronate disodium 与内源性 pyrophosphate 的不同之处在于其对酶水解的耐受性。该药剂吸附 hydroxyapatite 细胞并减少破骨细胞的数量，从而抑制异常骨吸收。 Etidronate 还可以直接刺激成骨细胞的骨形成。

Strontium ranelate (S12911) 是抗骨质疏松的药物，能够抑制骨吸收，促进骨形成，进而促使正骨平衡。它还能够激活非骨骼细胞中的钙敏感受体 (CaSR)，进而促进肌醇 1，4，5-三磷酸的生成及丝裂原活化的蛋白激酶信号转导。

Epmedin C (Baohuoside-VI) 是天然化合物，在切除卵巢的小鼠体内与雌性激素作用相似。

Sciadopitysin 是一种双黄酮类化合物，来自银杏叶片中。它通过抑制NF-κB 活化并降低c-Fos 和NFATc1的表达来抑制 RANKL 诱导的破骨细胞生成和骨丢失。

Epimedin B (Epmedin B) 是一种天然活性成分，来自淫羊藿，据报道其就有抗骨质疏松症的潜能。

DIPQUO is an activator of bone marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP). DIPQUO promotes the differentiation of mouse and human osteoblasts by activating p38MAPK-β. The EC50 in C2C12 cells was 6.27 μM.

CXM102是一种促进自噬 (autophagy) 的化合物。该化合物通过激活自噬，促进老年BMSCs年轻化并偏向成骨细胞的分化。此外，CXM102能够促进转录因子EB (TFEB) 的核易位以及成骨细胞的形成。在中年雄性小鼠体内，CXM102激发骨合成代谢，减少骨髓脂肪细胞，延缓骨质流失，并降低血清炎症水平，减缓器官纤维化，从而延长小鼠的寿命。

Teriparatide acetate (Forteo) 是一种 PHT 激动剂，在 HEK293 细胞中的 IC50 为 2 nM。Teriparatide acetate 是一种重组形式的甲状旁腺激素。它是一种有效的合成代谢（即骨骼生长）剂，用于治疗某些形式的骨质疏松症。间歇使用特立帕肽比破骨细胞更能激活成骨细胞，从而导致骨骼整体增加。

Glycitin (Glycitein 7-O-β-glucoside) 是一种从豆类中分离出来的天然异黄酮，有抗菌，抗病毒和雌激素作用，还有促进骨髓基质细胞和成骨细胞的增殖和抑制骨转换的生物学功能。

Osteocalcin (1-49) is a non-collagenous peptide that is secreted by osteoblasts and odontoblasts and comprises 1-2% of the total protein in bone. Secretion of osteocalcin (1-49) is stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and plasma levels increase in diseases that induce dysregulated bone turnover such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and primary hyperparathyroidism. Osteocalcin (1-49) is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity and negatively correlated with high blood glucose levels in women. In vitro, osteocalcin induces chemotaxis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, human peripheral blood monocytes, and rat osteosarcoma cells with osteoblast-like characteristics. It is also expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) displaying an osteoblast-like phenotype and has been positively associated with calcification of aortic tissue and heart valves in humans.

The prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) is one of four G protein-coupled receptors that mediate the actions of prostaglandin E2 . Binding of PGE2 to the EP4 receptor causes an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP, which plays important roles in bone formation and resorption, cancer, and atherosclerosis. KMN-80 is a substituted γ-lactam (pyrrolidinone) derivative of PGE1 that acts as a selective and potent agonist of EP4 with an IC50 value of 3 nM (IC50 = 1.4 μM for EP3 and > 10 μM for all other prostanoid receptors). In functional assays it has been shown to stimulate secreted alkaline phosphatase gene reporter activity in EP4-transfected HEK293 cells with an EC50 value of 0.19 nM, demonstrating >5,000 and 50,000-fold selectivity against EP2 and TP, respectively. KMN-80 can induce the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells from both young and aged rats into osteoblasts in vitro (EC50s = 20 and 153 nM, respectively) and exhibits favorable tolerability up to at least 10 μM, whereas the EP4 agonist L-902,688 is highly cytotoxic at similar concentrations in these cells. KMN-80 has been used to repair calvarial defects in an in vivo rat craniomaxillofacial reconstruction model (rate of reduction in defect size equivalent to BMP-2 treated rats) and to promote bone formation in a rat incisor tooth socket model.

Emodin-8-glucoside (Anthraglycoside B) 是从芦荟中分离出的蒽醌衍生物，与 DNA 的小沟结合。它具有保护缺血和再灌注引起的局灶性脑损伤的作用。它直接刺激成骨细胞的细胞增殖和分化。

Dentonin (AC-100) is a synthetic fragment derived from MEPE that enhances osteogenesis by promoting osteoprogenitor adhesion and facilitating the survival of immature adherent cells. It does not have a significant effect on mature osteoblasts. Dentonin is useful for research on phosphate homeostasis and bone metabolism.

Curculigoside (Curculigoside A) 是仙茅中的主要皂苷，具有显著的抗氧化、抗骨质疏松、抗抑郁和神经保护作用。它通过调节JAK STAT NF-κB 信号传导途径，具有抗关节炎作用。

Sweroside 是分离自Lonicera japonica 中，具有细胞保护、抗骨质疏松和保护肝脏活性。

Actein 是从升麻的根茎中分离的一种三萜糖苷，通过促进ROS JNK 活化和钝化人膀胱癌中的AKT 途径来抑制细胞增殖，诱导自噬和凋亡。

VnP-16 通过直接作用于β1整合素 (β1 integrin)，激活FAK，促进成骨细胞分化和活性，加速骨形成。

ATP-γ-S tetrasodium (Adenosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) tetrasodium) 是一种 purinergic P2Y11 受体激动剂，也是 ATP 类似物，可诱导肌醇磷酸累积，诱导 MIN6 胰岛 β 细胞分泌胰岛素，可诱导细胞内钙浓度增加。ATP-γ-S tetrasodium 抑制 Junin 病毒诱导的编码骨形态生成蛋白6（BMP6）的 mRNA 水平增加，可减少 Junin 病毒感染的初代大鼠成骨细胞中的粒子形成单位（PFUs）。

Gossypetin 是一种可从Rhodiola rosea Linn.中提取的六羟基化的类黄酮，是一种有效的 MKK3 和 MKK6 抑制剂，可强烈减弱 MKK3 6-p38 信号传导途径。Gossypetin 具有抗突变、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗氧化以及细胞保护和抗菌作用，它通过下调溶酶体酪蛋白酶 K 的活性和诱导肌动蛋白环破骨细胞中的自噬相关蛋白来抑制骨吸收。

Bullatantriol has a stimulative effect on significantly proliferation and differentiation of culture osteoblasts. It may have weak antibacterial activities.