mycotoxin

Brevianamide F (Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Trp)) 是一种从Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 中分离得到的真菌毒素，属于天然存在的 2,5-二酮哌嗪类，具有抗菌活性。它具有PI3Kα抑制活性，IC50值为 4.8 µM。

T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) 是饲料和谷物中的各种镰刀菌种产生的真菌次生代谢产物，具有很强的生殖毒性，可诱发多种心血管毒性。T-2 Toxin 是一种抑制肽基转移酶 (60s ribosomal 亚基) 结合和蛋白质合成的抑制剂，通过ROS诱导的细胞凋亡诱导TM4细胞功能障碍，抑制 DNA 和 RNA 的合成，增加肝脏脂质过氧化物的水平。

Zearalenone (F2 toxin) 是真菌毒素，主要由食物和饲料中的 Fusarium 产生。它会引起幼龄母猪乳房发育早熟或其它雌激素效应。它在猪、牛、羊体内具有雌激素活性，急性毒性低。

Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin) 是一种单端孢菌素家族镰刀菌属产生的霉菌毒素，常见于受到污染的食物和饲料中。Deoxynivalenol 通过紧密连接处的细胞旁路来穿过肠粘膜。Deoxynivalenol 转运不受P-糖蛋白 (PgP) 或多药耐药相关蛋白 (MRP) 抑制剂的影响。Deoxynivalenol 通常会导致人类和动物腹泻、呕吐和胃肠道炎症。

Fusarochromanone (FC-101) 是一种由马氏镰刀菌产生的霉菌毒素，具有有效的抗血管生成、抗癌和抗疟活性。Fusarochromanone 通过激活 JNK 通路诱导 COS7和HEK293 细胞死亡。

Citrinin is a mycotoxin that causes contamination in the food and is associated with different toxic effects. Citrinin also possesses a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including antifungal, antibacterial, and potential anticancer and neuroprotective effe

Paxilline 是一种来自 Penicillium paxilli 的吲哚生物碱霉菌毒素，是一种常用的大电导、电压和 Ca（2+） 依赖性 BK 型 K（+） 通道的特异性抑制剂，具有抗惊厥活性，抑制 BK 通道，抑制肌质网 Ca2+ 刺激的 ATP 酶 (SERCA)，可减轻沙利度胺引起的小鼠突触和认知功能障碍。

Phomopsin A, a cyclic hexapeptide mycotoxin, is isolated from the fungus Phomopsis leptostomiformis.

Ochratoxin B 由多种曲霉和青霉菌产生的，是霉菌毒素 Ochratoxin A 的类似物，会对农产品造成污染。

Zearalenone is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, which colonizes several grains.

3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol acetylated derivative and a blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeable mycotoxin.

Aflatoxin (Aflatoxin R0) is a mutagenic and carcinogenic mycotoxin derived from aflatoxin B1 through metabolic processes facilitated by Rhizopus spp.

Aflatoxin G2 is a major naturally produced aflatoxin. It is a mycotoxin produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.

Aflatoxin M1, a significant metabolite of Aflatoxin B1, is a mycotoxin synthesized by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus fungi. Toxicity levels of Aflatoxins follow the order: Aflatoxin B1 > Aflatoxin M1 > Aflatoxin G1 > Aflatoxin B2 > Aflatoxin M2 > Aflatoxin G2.

Aflatoxin M2 is a major metabolite of Aflatoxin B1 and is a mycotoxin produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.

Altertoxin I (Dihydroalterperylenol) is a quinone-type mycotoxin produced by Alternaria alternata fungi. It is mutagenic and cytotoxic and can weakly disrupt metabolic communication.

β-Zearalenol, a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin synthesized by Fusarium species, potentially influences transcription and affects gene expression on the translational level.

Curvularin ((S)-Curvularin) 是可从 Curvularia lunata 中提取得到的铜绿假单胞菌 RhlR 法定量感应的拮抗剂，是一种霉菌毒素，具有抗炎活性，对抑制细胞因子诱导的 NO 合成酶有抑制作用，抑制抗髓核细胞中脂多糖诱导的炎症反应，可用于研究炎症。

Enniatin A is a Fusarium mycotoxin. Enniatin A inhibits acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity with an IC50 of 22 μM in an enzyme assay using rat liver microsomes.

Enniatins B decreases the activation of ERK (p44 p42). Enniatin B is a Fusarium mycotoxin. Enniatin B inhibits acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity with an IC50 of 113 μM in an enzyme assay using rat liver microsomes.

Enniatin B1 crosss the blood-brain barrier. Enniatin B1 decreases the activation of ERK (p44 p42). Enniatin B1 inhibits moderately TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation.Enniatin B1 is a Fusarium mycotoxin. Enniatin B1 inhibits acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity with an IC50 of 73 μM in an enzyme assay using rat liver microsomes.

Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B1 is the backbone and the main hydrolysis product of the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1), can weakly inhibit ceramide synthase.

Moniliformin sodium salt is water-soluble mycotoxin isolate from Fusarium moniliforme.

Penicillic acid，一种由多种Aspergillus和Penicillium物种合成的polyketide mycotoxin，通过阻碍caspase-8的自我处理作用，抑制Fas ligand引发的apoptosis。此外，体外研究表明，Penicillic acid在rat alveolar macrophages中显示出cytotoxic特性。