gef 2

ESI-05 (NSC-116966) 是特异性的 cAMP 直接激活交换蛋白 2 (EPAC2) 拮抗剂(IC50:0.4 µM)，能够抑制 cAMP 诱导的 EPAC2 的活化，并 EAPC2 介导的 Rap1 的活化。

CPYPP 是DOCK2-Rac1相互作用的抑制剂。它能够结合DOCK2DHR-2结构域，并以剂量依赖性方式抑制 DOCK2DHR-2 (IC50:22.8 µM) 对 Rac1 的鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子活性。它还抑制DOCK180和DOCK5，对 DOCK9 的抑制作用较小。

Son of sevenless homolog 1 (Sos1) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that directs the exchange of Ras-GDP to Ras-GTP by binding to SH3 domains of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2), leading to the activation of ERK. Ras inhibitory peptide is a synthetic peptide that contains the sequence PVPPR, which corresponds to a region within human Sos1 that interacts with an SH3 domain of Grb2. It specifically blocks the interaction of the GEF with Grb2, preventing an interaction that is essential for Ras activation by receptor tyrosine kinases, including epidermal growth factor receptor.