clostridium difficile

Fidaxomicin (Tiacumicin B) 是一种大环RNA 聚合酶抑制剂，具有窄谱活性。它选择性地根除致病性艰难梭菌，对构成正常健康肠道菌群的多种细菌影响很小。

Cefuroxime (Cephuroxime) 是一种具有口服活性的第二代头孢菌素类抗生素，具有抗菌活性，抑制革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌，可用于研究软组织感染。

Oxaquin TEA (MCB-3837 TEA) 是 MCB3681 的前体化合物，是一种 DNA 拓扑异构酶抑制剂，可用于研究梭菌感染和交叉感染。

5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (5-NP) 是一种有效的杀菌剂，可抑制艰难梭菌。

SC 44914为一种喹喔啉类化合物，显示出抗菌特性。该化合物对空肠弯曲菌、大肠杆菌及艰难梭菌均表现出活性。

DC-159a 是一类具有广谱抗菌活性的 8-甲氧基氟喹诺酮，尤其对革兰氏阳性细菌有效。其对消化链球菌属、艰难梭菌和脆弱拟杆菌的 MIC90 分别为 0.5、4 和 2 μg mL。

CAY10784 (STAT3-IN-17) 是一种 STAT3 抑制剂，具有抗增殖活性和抗肿瘤活性。CAY10784 对艰难梭菌显示出抗菌活性。

Cholic acid anilide is a synthetic bile acid and derivative of cholic acid that inhibits the germination of C. difficile strain R20291 spores in vitro (IC50 = 1.8 μM).1 |1. Sharma, S.K., Yip, C., Esposito, E.X., et al. The design, synthesis, and characterizations of spore germination inhibitors effective against an epidemic strain of Clostridium difficile. J. Med. Chem. 61(15), 6759-6778 (2018).

Cadazolid (ACT-179811) 是一种新型恶唑烷酮类抗生素，对Clostridium difficile 有活性。

Cefminox (Sodium) is a new cephamycin antibiotic possessing a D-amino acid moiety derived from D-cysteine at the C-7B side chain. Cefminox is active against a wide range of bacteria, especially Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. Cefminox shows excellent in vivo efficacy (ED50) which is higher than would be expected from its in vitro activity (MIC). Moreover, cefminox possesses more potent activity in suppression of bacterial regrowth than other cephems[1]. Cefminox (Sodium) was the most active beta-lactam, with an MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50) of 1.0 microg ml and an MIC90 of 16.0 microg ml. Cefminox was especially active against Bacteroides fragilis (MIC90, 2.0 microg ml), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (MIC90, 4.0 microg ml), fusobacteria (MIC90, 1.0 microg ml), peptostreptococci (MIC90, 2.0 microg ml), and clostridia, including Clostridium difficile (MIC90, 2.0 microg ml)[2]. The use of a single preoperative dose of cefminox was similar in efficacy to 3 doses of cefoxitin administered every 4 hours, and that the serum and tissue concentrations attained provide adequate antibiotic coverage[3]. Moreover, cefminox as a dual agonist of IP (Prostacyclin receptor) and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) that significantly inhibits PASMC proliferation by up-regulation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and cAMP ( cyclic adenosine monophosphate), suggesting that it has potential for treatment of PAH(pulmonary arterial hypertension)[4].

Penicillin V (Phenoxymethylpenicillin) 是一种具口服活性的有效抗生素，对链球菌、艰难梭菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌展现出良好的抗菌效果。此外，Penicillin V 在耳炎、鼻窦炎、咽炎及扁桃体炎方面的治疗潜力[4]，亦在研究之中。

Bezlotoxumab 是一种针对 C. difficile 毒素 B 的人单克隆抗体。Bezlotoxumab 与 C. difficile 毒素 B 结合，可预防肠上皮损伤和结肠炎。

Actoxumab 是一种针对艰难梭菌毒素 A (C. difficile toxin A) 的人源化单克隆抗体，阻止 TcdA 与靶细胞的结合，通过抑制 TcdA 的第一步来中和毒素活性。

Antibacterialagent 158 (compound 6c) 是一种高效抗菌化合物，具有显著的抗微球菌以及对抗脓疱疮和艰难梭菌感染 (CDI) 的活性。

Antibacterialagent 159 (Compound 6d) 是一款高效抗菌化合物，具备针对脓疱疮和C. difficile感染（CDI）的抗菌活性。其使用过程中未发现C. difficile复发现象，并对益生肠道菌群仅有微弱影响。

Cacaoidin是一种糖基化抗生素，从可可链霉菌菌株中分离得到，对革兰氏阳性病原菌(包括艰难梭菌)展示出较强的抗菌活性。

Lolamicin 是一种专门针对革兰氏阴性菌的抗生素。对130多种耐多药的临床分离株具有活性，在急性肺炎和败血症感染小鼠模型中表现出治疗效果，同时可保护小鼠肠道微生物组，防止难辨梭菌的二次感染。Lolamicin 的选择性致病机理源于致病性革兰氏阴性菌与共生菌之间的低序列同源性。该化合物适用于研究由革兰氏阴性病原体引发的感染。