MMG-11 inhibits both TLR2 1 and TLR2 6 signaling (IC50s: 1.7 μM for Pam3CSK4-induced hTLR2 1 and 5.7 μM for Pam2CSK4-induced hTLR2 6 responses). MMG-11 is an effective and selective human TLR2 antagonist with low cytotoxicity.
Toll-like receptor 2/6 (TLR2/6) agonist. Induces TNF-α production in human mononuclear cells. Also induces proliferation and activation of mouse splenic B cells.
FSL-1 TFA, a bacterial-derived toll-like receptor 2 6 (TLR2 6) agonist, enhances resistance to experimental HSV-2 infection[1]. FSL-1 TFA induces MMP-9 production through TLR2 and NF-κB AP-1 signaling pathways in monocytic THP-1 cells[2]. FSL-1 significantly reduces HSV-2 replication in human vaginal epithelial cells (EC)[1].FSL-1 induces significant resistance to experimental genital HSV-2 infection through elaboration of a specific cytokine response profile[1].FSL-1 (50 ng mL, 24 hours) induces MMP-9 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in human monocytic THP-1 cells[2].FSL-1 activates the MAP kinase NF-κB signaling pathway[2]. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Line: V11I, V12I or V19I immortalized human vaginal EC FSL-1 application significantly protectes against genital HSV-2 challenge in mice[1]. Animal Model: Female Swiss-Webster mice (weighing 20-25 g)[1] [1]. William A Rose 2nd, et al. FSL-1, a bacterial-derived toll-like receptor 2 6 agonist, enhances resistance to experimental HSV-2 infection. Virol J. 2009 Nov 10;6:195. [2]. Cathryn J Kurkjian,et al. The Toll-Like Receptor 2 6 Agonist, FSL-1 Lipopeptide, Therapeutically Mitigates Acute Radiation Syndrome. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 11;7(1):17355.
TLR2 6 agonist (also a putative TLR10 ligand). Activates NF-κB. Induces pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-8, IL-1β, CCL20 and TNF-α in vitro. Synergizes with IFNγ to induce CXCL10 release from melanoma cells.