phorbol 13 acetate

Phorbol 13-acetate 是一种天然产物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究。其产品编号为 TN4768，CAS号为 32752-29-7。

Prostratin(12-Deoxyphorbol-13-acetate，13-O-乙酰基-12-脱氧佛波醇)是一种具有口服活性的蛋白激酶C（PKC）激活剂，Ki值为12.5 nM。作为一种NF-κB激活剂，Prostratin可激活T细胞中HIV基因的表达。Prostratin能抑制急性髓系白血病（AML）细胞系的生长，并增强阿糖胞苷诱导的AML细胞分化。此外，Prostratin诱导KRAS磷酸化并抑制KRAS突变的肿瘤生长。

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate（PMA）是一种佛波酯类天然产物，可作为PKC、SphK和NF-κB的激活剂，常用于诱导THP-1细胞分化及构建皮炎模型。

Gliovirin is a fungal metabolite that has been found inT. harzianumand has fungicidal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.1It is active against the plant pathogenic fungusP. ultimum(MIC = 60 ng/ml) and the parasiteT. brucei brucei(IC50= 90 ng/ml), but has no effect on the plant pathogenic fungiR. solani,P. omnivorum,T. basicola,R. arrhizus, andV. dahliaeor the bacteriaB. thuringiensis,P. fluorescens, andX. malvacearumwhen used at concentrations up to 1,000 ng/ml.2,3Gliovirin decreases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)- and ionomycin-induced increased expression of COX-2 (IC50= 1 μM) and protein levels of IL-2 in Jurkat cells (IC50= 5.2 μM).1 1.Rether, J., Serwe, A., Anke, T., et al.Inhibition of inducible tumor necrosis factor-α expression by the fungal epipolythiodiketopiperazine gliovirinBiol. Chem.388(6)627-637(2007) 2.Howell, C.R., and Stipanovic, R.D.Gliovirin, a new antibiotic from Gliocladium virens, and its role in the biological control of Pythium ultimumCan. J. Microbiol.29(3)321-324(1983) 3.Iwatsuki, M., Otoguro, K., Ishiyama, A., et al.In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of 12 low-molecular-weight antibiotics and observations of structure/activity relationshipsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)63(10)619-622(2010)

Lyso-globotriaosylceramide is a form of globotriaosylceramide that is lacking the fatty acyl group. It binds to Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) in the presence of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine but does not bind Stx2. It also reduces viability and aggregation of human neutrophils induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate when used at concentrations of 50 and 1 μM, respectively. Lyso-globotriaosylceramide accumulates in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen in a mouse model of Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. It also accumulates in the urine, kidney, and plasma of patients with Fabry disease. Lyso-globotriaosylceramide levels decrease in response to administration of the α-galactosidase inhibitor 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin in a transgenic mouse model of Fabry disease. Decreases in plasma and urine concentrations of lyso-globotriaosylceramide have been used as a biomarker for efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and other therapies in the treatment of Fabry disease.

Sphingosine (d14:1) is a bioactive sphingolipid that has been found in B. mori (silkworm), P. clarkii (crayfish), and A. aurita (jellyfish) extracts. It increases the germination rate of N. rileyi, an entomopathogenic fungus, with an EC50 value of 10.2 nM. Sphingosine (d14:1) inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro (IC50 = 7.3 mol%) as well as superoxide generation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in neutrophils and reduces growth of CHO cells (IC50s = 19 and 8 μM, respectively).

Platycodin D 是从桔梗中分离得到的一种皂苷类天然产物，是AMPKα的激活剂，具有抗肥胖活性。它可刺激 TNF-α 合成或抑制 TNF-α mRNA 的降解。

Cycloepoxydon 抑制由Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) 引发的NF-KB和AP-1介导的分泌性碱性磷酸酶 (SEAP) 的表达，IC50分别为1-2 μg/mL (4.2-8.4 μM) 和3-5 μg/mL (12.6-21 μM)。

21-Hydroxyisoohchininolide 是一种 salannin 类 limonoid，具有抑制 LPS 诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞一氧化氮生成的活性，并对白血病细胞和乳腺癌细胞表现出细胞毒作用；此外，21-Hydroxyisoohchininolide 还能抑制 Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(TPA) 诱导的淋巴细胞中 Epstein-Barr 病毒早期抗原激活，可用于白血病、乳腺癌及感染性疾病研究。

Anabsinthin 是一种倍半萜内酯二聚体，可存在于 Artemisia absinthium L. (苦艾) 中。Anabsinthin 可以调控细胞内钙水平，发挥抗炎与抗氧化作用，能够抑制佛波醇 12-肉豆蔻酸酯 13-乙酸酯诱导的超氧阴离子生成，抑制 iNOS 和 MUC5AC 蛋白表达以及 IL-1β 的转录上调。Anabsinthin 亦用于研究柑橘溃疡病。

Beta-Tocopherol 对由 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) 诱导的人红白血病细胞 (HEL) 粘附有影响。

(+)-Oleuropeic acid shows potent in vitro antitumor-promoting activity, it also suppresses an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis induced with nitric oxide and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) on mouse skin.