glutamine metabolism

Sirpiglenastat (DRP-104) 是一种谷氨酰胺 (glutamine) 拮抗剂，是DON的前药，具有抗肿瘤活性，通过抑制谷氨酰胺代谢和刺激先天性和适应性免疫系统来发挥作用。

L-Pyroglutamic acid (pidolic acid) 是 Pyroglutamic acid 的左旋异构体，是人体中具有生物特性的对映异构体。Pyroglutamic acid 是谷胱甘肽代谢中的中间体。

Aspulvinone O is a fungal metabolite that has been found in P. variotti and has antioxidant and anticancer activities.1,2 It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals in a cell-free assay (IC50 = 11.6 μM).1 Aspulvinone O inhibits aspartate transaminase 1 (GOT1; Kd = 3.32 μM) and is cytotoxic to PANC-1, AsPC-1, and SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 20.54-26.8 μM).2 It reduces the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and induces apoptosis in SW1990 cells. Aspulvinone O (2.5 and 5 mg kg) reduces tumor growth in an SW1990 mouse xenograft model. |1. Zhang, P., Li, X.-M., Wang, J.-N., et al. New butenolide derivatives from the marine-derived fungus Paecilomyces variotii with DPPH radical scavenging activity. Phytochem. Lett. 11, 85-88 (2015).|2. Sun, W., Luan, S., Qi, C., et al. Aspulvinone O, a natural inhibitor of GOT1 suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells growth by interfering glutamine metabolism. Cell Commun. Signal. 17(1), 111 (2019).

Aspulvinone H is a natural inhibitor of glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1), suppressing glutamine metabolism, making PDAC cells sensitive to oxidative stress and inhibiting cell proliferation, exhibiting potent in vivo antitumor activity in an SW1990-cell-induced xenograft model.

GLS1 Inhibitor-4 (compound 41e)作为一种高效的GLS1抑制剂，具有11.86 nM的IC50值。该化合物展现了抗增殖效果、优秀的代谢稳定性以及强大的GLS1结合亲和力。它通过阻断谷氨酰胺代谢和诱导ROS生成，能够引发细胞凋亡并表现出对抗肿瘤的活性。

LWG-301是一种针对Glutaminase1(GLS1)的变构抑制剂，具有(IC50=7 nM)。通过显著阻断谷氨酰胺代谢并增加细胞内ROS，LWG-301能够诱导细胞凋亡(apoptosis)。在HCT116异种移植模型中，LWG-301展示出中等抗肿瘤活性。

GlutaminaseC-IN-2（compound 11）为GAC变构抑制剂，IC50值为10.64 nM。该化合物通过干扰谷氨酰胺代谢，调控细胞代谢产物，进而提高ROS水平，并展现出抗癌活性。