Z-LEHD-FMK TFA is a specific and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-9, offering protection against detrimental reperfusion injury and moderating apoptosis. Additionally, Z-LEHD-FMK TFA demonstrates its neuroprotective potential in a rat model of spinal cord trauma.
Z-VAE(OMe)-fmk is a cell-permeable and irreversible UCHL1 inhibitor. The inhibitor approaches the active-site cleft from the opposite side of the crossover loop as compared to the direction of approach of ubiquitin's C-terminal tail, thereby occupying the P1' (leaving group) site, a binding site perhaps used by the unknown C-terminal extension of ubiquitin in the actual in vivo substrate(s) of UCHL1.