endocannabinoid receptor

Anandamide ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide) 是一种免疫调节剂，通过大麻素受体 CB1 和 CB2 起作用，还通过中枢神经系统中的其他靶点起作用，如 GPR18/GPR55。

(±)10(11)-EDP ethanolamide is an ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxide and cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonist (EC50s = 0.43 and 22.5 nM for CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively). It is produced though direct epoxygenation of docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases. 10,11-EDP epoxide (12.5 and 25 μM) reduces the viability of 143B metastatic osteosarcoma cells. It induces apoptosis and inhibits cell migration in a wound-healing assay in 143B, MG63, and HOS osteosarcoma cells. (±)10(11)-EDP ethanolamide also reduces tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a Matrigel assay.

(±)19(20)-EDP ethanolamide is an ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxide and cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonist (EC50s = 108 and 280 nM for CB1 and CB2, respectively). It is produced through direct epoxygenation of docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases. (±)19(20)-EDP ethanolamide (25 μM) reduces the viability of 143B metastatic osteosarcoma cells. It decreases the production of IL-6 and increases the production of IL-10 when used at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 10 μM in BV-2 microglia stimulated by LPS and decreases LPS-induced cytotoxicity when used at concentrations ranging from 5 to 10 μM. It also decreases nitrite production when used at a concentration of 7.5 μM, an effect that can be partially reversed by the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 and the PPARγ antagonist GW 9662 . (±)19(20)-EDP ethanolamide induces vasodilation of isolated preconstricted bovine coronary arteries (ED50 = 1.9 μM) and reduces tube formation by human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) in a Matrigel assay.

AM404 是一种内源性大麻素再摄取抑制剂，是 TRPV（1） 激活剂，是扑热息痛代谢物，具有神经保护作用和抗癌活性，可阻断 anandamide 转运。AM404 抑制 NFAT 和 NF-kappaB 信号通路，并损害神经母细胞瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭性，通过抑制 COX 活性来阻止活化的小胶质细胞中前列腺素的合成。

Virodhamine (O-arachidonoyl ethanolamine) 是一种内源性大麻素，是CB1受体的拮抗剂和CB2受体的激动剂。Virodhamine 可用于阿尔茨海默病等神经系统疾病的研究。

AMG-315 is a Potent Endocannabinoid Ligand with Stability to Metabolizing Enzymes. AMG-315 is a chiral arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) analogue or (13S,1′R)-dimethylanandamide. AMG-315 is a high affinity ligand for the CB1 receptor (Ki of 7.8 ± 1.4 nM) that behaves as a potent CB1 agonist in vitro (EC50 = 0.6 ± 0.2 nM). AMG-315 is the first potent AEA analogue with significant stability for all endocannabinoid hydrolyzing enzymes as well as the oxidative enzymes COX-2. AMG-315 will serve as a very useful endocannabinoid probe.

Linoleoyl ethanolamide 是脂肪酸乙醇酰胺。它可弱结合 CB1 和 CB2 受体，并分别抑制[3H]CP-55,940的结合，Ki 分别为 10 和 25μM。它在引起小鼠过氧化氢酶方面的效力是 anandamide 的4倍，且对睡眠时间无延长效果。

Arachidoyl ethanolamide, a saturated fatty acyl ethanolamide lacking classical (CB1 CB2) activity, plays a role in a complex system comprising central cannabinoid (CB1), peripheral cannabinoid (CB2), and non-CB receptor-mediated pharmacology. This system has paved the way for extensive research in diverse fields such as memory, weight loss and appetite, neurodegeneration, tumor surveillance, analgesia, and inflammation. Unlike other compounds, Arachidoyl ethanolamide does not bind to the murine CB1 receptor nor does it compete with anandamide for the fatty acid amide hydrolase, the endocannabinoid hydrolytic enzyme. The non-CB receptor-mediated actions of saturated ethanolamides like Arachidoyl ethanolamide are currently under investigation.

N-Arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and N-Arachidonoyl serine (ARA-S), among various arachidonoyl amino acids, have been extracted from bovine brain, while a novel series of fatty acyl amides of taurine were unearthed in rat brain through mass spectral lipidomic analysis, indicating the discovery of a new class of compounds also located in the kidney. These compounds are known to activate members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels. Notably, N-Stearoyl taurine emerges as a significant amino-acyl endocannabinoid identified in rat brain lipidomics profiling.

N-Oleoyl taurine, an amino-acyl endocannabinoid isolated from rat brain, along with several arachidonoyl amino acids such as N-arachidonoyl dopamine and N-arachidonoyl serine, have been derived from bovine brain. Mass spectral lipidomics analysis of rat brain revealed a series of fatty acyl amides of taurine, marking the discovery of a new class of compounds. These compounds, found in the kidney, are known to activate members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of calcium channels, with N-Oleoyl taurine specifically potentially activating TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels.

N-Arachidonoyl-L-serine (ARA-S), a recently isolated endocannabinoid with a distinct activity profile that diverges from typical endocannabinoids, does not interact with central cannabinoid (CB1), peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptors, or vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1). Unlike other compounds, ARA-S (5 mg kg) counteracts the lowering of blood pressure induced by a 10 mg kg intravenous bolus of abnormal cannabidiol (Abn-CBD) in anesthetized rat models. Additionally, akin to Abn-CBD, ARA-S induces relaxation in isolated rat mesenteric arteries and abdominal aorta and promotes phosphorylation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The mechanisms through which ARA-S and Abn-CBD exert their effects on vascular systems show variations and merit deeper investigation.

N-Linolenoylethanolamine (18:3 NAE) 为一种内源性大麻素，同时也是香草素受体(TRPV1)的激动剂。

Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester，前列腺素甘油酯类，作为CB1受体内源性大麻素配体，能诱导细胞内游离Ca2+迅速、瞬时升高。

2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), a natural endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor, was isolated from porcine brain and characterized. Its congener, 2-linoleoyl glycerol (2-LG), which has a linoleoyl group instead of an arachidonoyl group, also exists alongside 2-AG in vivo. While 2-LG exhibits low intrinsic activity, it enhances the activity of 2-AG and other endocannabinoids through an entourage effect, attributed to the inhibition of breakdown and reuptake pathways that typically decrease endocannabinoid levels post-release.

HU-308 是一种合成大麻素类似物，具有高度选择性的CB2受体激动作用。其对CB2受体的亲和力超过对CB1受体的440倍。CB2受体主要存在于免疫细胞中，调节内源性大麻素系统 (ECS) 的免疫抑制效应。HU-308 展示了抗炎、神经保护及调节小胶质细胞功能的生物活性，适用于神经炎症和视网膜疾病的研究。

(±)-Cannabichromene 是一种发现于大麻的 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene 衍生物。