coenzyme

Idebenone (CV-2619) 是一种线粒体保护剂，具有神经保护功效，可用于研究阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿舞蹈病，可透过血脑屏障，诱导细胞凋亡。

Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate 是维生素B6的活性形式，也是多种酶的重要辅因子。它是维生素 B6 在细胞内磷酸化过程中最重要的辅酶变异体，能够与其他变异体（如 PNP 、 PMP）发生互换。

Coenzyme FO 是辅酶 F420 的合成前体，是 DNA 光解酶的光捕获发色团。

Pentanoyl Coenzyme A (pentanoyl-CoA) Free acid 是短链脂肪酰辅酶 A，也是 3-氧代丙酰辅酶 A 的代谢产物。

Coenzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like substance found throughout the body, especially in the heart, liver, kidneys, and pancreas.

Lauroyl-coenzyme A can function as an acyl group carrier, acetyl-CoA. It can be used as an intermediate in lipid metabolism and is involved in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid transport.

Linoleoyl-coenzyme A is a substrate used to investigate the specificity and kinetics of acyl-CoA.

Coenzyme Q10 is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, generating energy in the form of ATP. In its reduced form, it acts as an antioxidant. Coenzyme Q2 is a precursor of coenzyme Q10 that has 2, rather than 10, isoprenoid units on the ubiquinone base. It can act as an electron acceptor for bacterial Complex I. In mammalian cells, exogenous coenzyme Q2 prevents the production of reactive oxygen species associated with Complex I activity. Forms of coenzyme Q with shorter isoprenoid chains, including coenzyme Q2, induce p53-dependent apoptosis in human B-cell acute lymphoblastoid leukemia BALL-1 cells.

Acetoacetyl Coenzyme A sodium hydrate (Acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate) 是聚-β-羟基丁酸酯的前体，与机体能量代谢紧密相关，缺乏会诱导代谢疾病 。

Isobutyryl coenzyme A (isobutyryl-CoA) is a short-chain branched acyl CoA. Isobutyryl-CoA is a substrate for isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IBDH) in the catabolism of valine and an intermediate in the synthesis of isobutyryl-L-carnitine , which accumulates in IBDH deficiency.

Octanoyl coenzyme A (octanoyl-CoA) is a medium-chain acyl CoA and a metabolic intermediate in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. Levels of octanoyl-CoA are increased in the liver of patients with Reye's syndrome and β-oxidation of octanoyl-CoA by medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (MCADH) is decreased in patients with MCADH deficiency (MCD). Octanoyl-CoA inhibits citrate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase.

Phenylacetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is a key intermediate in aerobic catabolism of phenylacetate in bacteria such asPseudomonas, when cultured in minimal media using phenylacetate as the sole carbon source.1It is a precursor in the synthesis of the antibiotic penicillin G found in industrial strains ofP. chrysogenum. Phenylacetyl-CoA also acts as an effector molecule of the TetR family transcriptional repressor PaaR inT. thermophilusand the GntR family transcriptional regulator PaaX inE. coliandPseudomonas, binding to each protein to induce derepression of various genes.2

Cyclohexanoyl coenzyme A (CHCoA) is an acyl CoA that contains a cyclohexane group. It is the activated form of cyclohexane carboxylic acid (CHC) in R. palustris. CHC is converted to CHCoA by a succinyl-CoA CHC CoA transferase, and CHCoA is then degraded by a dehydrogenase. CHCoA is converted to hippuric acid in submitochondrial fractions isolated from guinea pig liver.

Octanoyl coenzyme A lithium 是一种脂肪酸酰基辅酶 A 的衍生物。Octanoyl coenzyme A lithium 能够抑制柠檬酸合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶 (IC50: 0.4-1.6 mM)。

Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) lithium 是一种膜非渗透性的中枢代谢中间体，参与 TCA 循环和氧化磷酸化代谢过程。Acetyl-coenzyme A lithium 通过向目标氨基酸残基提供乙酰基团，来完成蛋白质的翻译后乙酰化反应，从而调节各种细胞机制。Acetyl Coenzyme A lithium 也是脂质合成的关键前体。

Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) 是一种具有膜非渗透性的中枢代谢中间体，参与 TCA 循环和氧化磷酸化代谢过程。Acetyl-coenzyme A 通过向目标氨基酸残基提供乙酰基团，来完成蛋白质的翻译后乙酰化反应，从而调节各种细胞机制。Acetyl Coenzyme A 也是脂质合成的关键前体。

Lauroyl coenzyme A lithium salt 是一种辅酶 A。辅酶 A 作为酰基载体，即乙酰辅酶 A。十二烷酰辅酶 A (C12-CoA) 是一种长链 (C-12) 饱和脂肪酰辅酶 A，用作脂质代谢的中间体，参与脂质生物合成和脂肪酸转运。月桂酰辅酶 A 是底物用于 FAM34A 蛋白和萤火虫荧光素酶的产物。

β-Methylcrotonyl coenzyme A lithium，作为亮氨酸代谢的中间体，可用于研究β-甲基巴豆酰辅酶 A 羧化酶（MCCase）的特异性及动力学，用作底物。

DL-β-Hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A lithium，是丁酸发酵以及赖氨酸和色氨酸代谢过程中的中间体，通过β-羟基丁酸经短链-CoA 合成酶作用生成。

Arachidonoyl coenzyme A lithium是一种由辅酶A的硫醇基与花生四烯酸的羧基缩合生成的不饱和脂肪酰基辅酶A。

Decanoyl coenzyme A (Decanoyl CoA) 是 Mycobacterium smegmat 中脂肪酸延伸系统的引物。

Acetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium 是重要内源性代谢物，在pH 7.5时其Km值达1.10 mM，主要用于磷酸转丁基酶 (PTB) 与poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) 的合成。

Coenzyme Q6 (Ubiquinone 30)，一种异戊二烯化的苯醌脂质，主要在呼吸电子传输链中发挥作用，并作为脂质抗氧化剂，具备抗氧化性能，能够防止自由基生成和氧化损伤。

Acyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACS)，一种生化研究中常用的酶，主要通过两步硫酯化反应激活脂肪酸与辅酶A结合，形成酰基辅酶A。该过程为脂质代谢中的多种合成与分解代谢途径，以及参与TCA循环中的有氧呼吸提供了关键中间物。