NMDA receptor antagonist 4 (IIc) exhibits competitive interaction with endogenous blocker Mg 2+, and exhibits dependence on membrane potential in the NMDAR channel [1]. NMDA receptor antagonist 4 shows high metabolic stability in human and mice liver microsomes, and shows hERG safety, without obvious cytotoxicity [1]. Cell Cytotoxicity Assay [1] Cell Line: Neuro2A cells Concentration: 1, 10, and 100 μM Incubation Time: 24 h Result: Did not show cytotoxic at the highest concentration tested (100 μM).

NMDA receptor antagonist 4 (IIc) (0-10 μM) lowers the motor deficits, and protects against Aβ toxicity-related neuronal dysfunction [1]. NMDA receptor antagonist 4 (5 mg/kg/day; p.o.; 4 weeks) improves cell survival and synaptic function in AD through increasing the activity of cell-survival signaling pathways (Fyn-GluN2B-CREB signaling) and preventing internalization of synaptic NMDARs [1]. Animal Model: C. elegans (N2 wild-type, CL2006, CL2122, CL2355) [1] Dosage: 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.5, and 10 μM Administration: Result: Reduced defective locomotion in CL2006 nematodes. Significantly reversed the chemotaxis behavior of CL2355 nematodes disrupted by Aβ expression. Animal Model: Six months old female 5XFAD mice [1] Dosage: 5 mg/kg/day Administration: Oral administration, 4 weeks Result: Enhanced working memory function. Rescued the expression of GluN2A and postsynaptic density protein (PSD) 95. Increased Fyn phosphorylated levels and correspondingly elevated GluN2B phosphorylation at Tyr1472. Significantly increased p-CREB protein levels in the nucleus. Reverted calbindin D-28K protein levels.