ERB-196 significantly reduces histopathologic evidence of injury to the gastrointestinal mucosal surface (0.7±0.1 vs. 2.3±0.2 for control;?p<0.05).?The mucosal mass of 10-cm segments of small bowel mucosa shows better preservation of mucosal mass than control treatment (63±20 [ERB-196] vs. 31±24 [control]), but this difference fails to reach statistical significance (p<0.06).?The administration of ERB-196 is highly effective in the prevention of lethality.?Consistent with the neutropenic rat model, ERB-196 significantly increases survival when compare with vehicle control.