Diclazuril exhibits a broad range of bioactivities. Primarily, it shows potent anti-coccidial activity against Eimeria species in both in vitro chick hepatocyte assays and in vivo 7-day coccidiosis models, with an IC50 value of 0.0008 p.p.m. and an ED95 of 1.0 p.p.m. in feed, respectively. It also inhibits second generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella, with its inhibitory activity persisting in the presence of Tranylcypromine and iproniazid. The compound's minimum effective concentration (MEC) is determined to be 0.1 p.p.m. in feed, with a Log 1/MEC value of 3.61.
Additionally, Diclazuril acts as a versatile inhibitor across various biochemical assays, including inhibition of Menin-MLL interaction, GCN5L2, Histone Lysine Methyltransferase G9a, USP1/UAF1, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). It also delays death in malarial parasites, induces DNA re-replication in MCF 10a cells, and inhibits Lassa virus binding/entry into cells.
The compound activates human and rat PXR, inducing CYP3A4 expression in human HepG2 cells, with EC50 values ranging from 9000.0 nM to 35500.0 nM, and demonstrates competitive binding affinity to human PXR LBD with an EC50 of 7900.0 nM relative to SR12813.
Diclazuril has antiviral activities against Influenza A virus (H1N1), showing an EC50 of 31000.0 nM in plaque reduction assays and a binding affinity to the PA cavity, with a Kd of 211000.0 nM. It also demonstrates inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2, with partial inhibition of the 3CL-Pro protease (25.39% at 20 µM) and inhibition of virus-induced cytotoxicity in VERO-6 cells, though IC50s are greater than 20000.0 nM.
Lastly, Diclazuril exhibits strong anti-parasitic activity against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, with an IC50 of 6.0 nM, and significant activity in mouse models infected with Toxoplasma gondii, achieving a 100.0% survival rate at a dose of 10 mg/kg. It also shows inhibitory activity against human HDAC6, with varying inhibition rates depending on the peptide substrate used..
Note: Summary generated by AI. Data source: ChEMBL 