immunomodulation

Carbetimer is a partially imidized copolymer of ethylene & maleic anhydride with average MW approx 1,200 daltons; capable of specific stimulation of immune response. Carbetimer is a low molecular weight polymer derived from ethylene and maleic anhydride with potent antineoplastic activity. Preclinical studies have shown antitumor effects against many tumor cell lines including B 16 melanoma. Its antitumor actions are felt to include both reduction of uridine and cytidine nucleoside triphosphate as well as the diminution of pyrimidine salvage by inhibiting uridine, cytidine, and thymidine kinase. Besides direct antiproliferative effects, Carbetimer could act through immunomodulation, as suggested by the induction of cytotoxic T-cells in mice and the discordant in vitro and in vivo activities against the Lewis lung carcinoma model.

ABC294640, also known as Opaganib, is an orally available, aryladamantane compound and selective inhibitor of sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, ABC294640 competitively binds to and inhibits SK2, thereby preventing the phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic amino alcohol sphingosine to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), the lipid mediator that is pro-survival and critical for immunomodulation. This may eventually lead to the induction of apoptosis and may result in an inhibition of cell proliferation in cancer cells overexpressing SK2.

CTX-471 是 CD137 的全人源单克隆抗体。CTX-471 对重组人、食蟹猴 CD137 和小鼠 CD137 具有结合亲和力，Kd 值分别为 50 nM、61 nM 和 748 nM。CTX-471 可用于免疫调节和癌症的研究。

Mollicellin H, 次级代谢物源于真菌C. brasiliense，显示出免疫调节、细胞毒性和抗肿瘤等多种生物活性。它对三种人类癌细胞系——乳腺癌 (Bre04)、肺癌 (Lu04) 和神经瘤 (N04) 的生长抑制半数有效浓度 (GI50s) 分别为5.1 μg mL、6.5 μg mL 和2.5 μg mL。

3-Deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (ammonium) 主要应用于免疫调节领域,用于研究细菌的脂多糖(LPS).

Lucidone F，一种源自Ganoderma resinaceum的去甲萜类化合物类似物，主要用于免疫调节、高血糖和肝病研究领域。

LL-37, Human TFA (154947-66-7 free base)是一种由37个残基组成的两亲性螺旋肽，是唯一的人源cathelicidin抗菌肽，对多种革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌具有中等抑菌活性。LL-37, Human TFA与带负电荷的细菌膜结合并破坏细胞完整性，还能够诱导细胞免疫调节、迁移、增殖和分化，具有抗生物膜潜力，还能够抑制胃癌的肿瘤发生。