hyodeoxycholic acid

Hyodeoxycholic acid (NSC 60672) 是由肠道菌群在小肠中形成的次级胆汁酸，是TGR5(GPCR19)的激动剂， CHO 细胞中的EC50=31.6 µM。它已用于研究高胆固醇血症的治疗。

Hyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is a natural secondary bile acid. It improves high-density lipoprotein function, reduces farnesoid X receptor antagonist bile acids, and induces strong cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and IL-8 synthesis.

Norhyodeoxycholic acid (NHDCA) is a synthetic bile acid and a derivative of hyodeoxycholic acid .1,2 NHDCA is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3β-sulfooxy-7β-hydroxy-24-nor-5-cholen-23-oic acid, which has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of δ5-bile acid conjugates that have been identified in patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C1.3 |1. Schteingart, C.D., and Hofmann, A.F. Synthesis of 24-nor-5β-cholan-23-oic acid derivatives: A convenient and efficient one-carbon degradation of the side chain of natural bile acids. J. Lipid Res. 29(10), 1387-1395 (1988).|2. Une, M., and Hoshita, T. Natural occurrence and chemical synthesis of bile alcohols, higher bile acids, and short side chain bile acids. Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. 43(2), 37-67 (1994).|3. Kakiyama, G., Muto, A., Shimada, M., et al. Chemical synthesis of 3β-sulfooxy-7β-hydroxy-24-nor-5-cholenoic acid: An internal standard for mass spectrometric analysis of the abnormal δ5-bile acids occurring in Niemann-Pick disease. Steroids 74(9), 766-772 (2009).

Glycohyodeoxycholic acid 是一种人体次级胆汁酸猪去氧胆酸的主要代谢物，能够预防胆结石的形成。

Taurohyodeoxycholic acid（牛磺酸去氧胆酸）是一种胆汁酸，在调节肝脏炎症微环境方面发挥着关键作用。THDCA可以减少TNF-α和IL-6的表达并抑制肝细胞癌（HCC）的发展。能够结合黄芪多糖抑制非酒精性脂肪性肝病，调节胆汁酸代谢：通过上调CYP7B1和下调CYP7A1，降低肝脏中CD36的表达，减少肝脏脂质积累。

Taurohyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium taurohyodeoxycholate hydrate) 通过阻断钙介导的细胞凋亡途径以及 Caspase-12 活化来防止细胞凋亡